ࡱ> #` 04bjbj5G5G dW-W-+$Ft'''P'l>(L?u\((L((((((ttttttt$xh{t,((,,t((t000,`((t0,t00m*s(( @Դ`'-<o6Jttu0?up*{3/{l*s{*s ()s0<*t*(((tt0X(((?u,,,,##$8F Restricted distribution IOC-WMO-UNEP-ICSU/GSSC-X/4.3 Agenda Item: 4.3 Paris, March 2007 English only INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION (of UNESCO)WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATIONUNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMMEINTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE Tenth Session of the Global Ocean Observing System Scientific Steering Committee (GSSC-X) Seoul, Korea, 13 16 March 2007 COASTAL HAZARD REDUCTION AND A STRATEGY FOR REGIONAL OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (submitted by Dong-Young Lee, GSSC) To reduce costly damage due to natural hazards to the minimum, we need real-time information on sea state and marine environments and near future prediction for proper warning and for timely operation to reduce the impact. Fundamental countermeasures such as proper construction of coastal hazard prevention facilities and other hardware construction require long-term statistical prediction of marine environments obtained from the accumulation of long-term observations or hindcasting data. Coastal countries pay more interest and attention to coastal hazard reduction because it is directly related to the interest of local and national governments. Reduction of coastal disasters can be an acceptable justification for the establishment of the ocean observing system, especially for developing countries. The working strategy of the establishment of the ocean and coastal observation system can be formulated by linking with coastal disaster reduction. The strategy for Regional GOOS and coastal hazard reduction The problems (deficiencies) in establishing an ocean observing system are analyzed mainly for developing countries. By analyzing such obstacles for developing countries in implementing GOOS, we would be able to formulate the strategy for GOOS development. 1) Active participation of local, national government It seems more likely that developing countries are not willing to resume the task of establishing an ocean observing system if it does not meet with the immediate national or local interests such as coastal hazard reduction. Most challenging in promoting ocean observing system is the demonstration of the usefulness of the observation system by providing useful data products to solve various local problems including coastal hazards. Hence, the basic strategy of GOOS development is to help developing countries with the capacity of data product using observation data so that they can recognize the usefulness of an ocean observing system for their own benefit. 2) Cost efficient approach of ocean observing system The development of cost efficient observation system is an essential approach for those developing countries that cannot afford to build and operate expensive observation systems. - Extension of the existing coastal observation system It is possible to convert the existing observation system to the real-time system using the low cost data logger and telemetry technology. - Making most of the existing facilities In order to establish a real-time observing system cost efficiently, the existing facilities in coastal waters and offshore such as light towers, light buoys, oil platforms and sea-going vessels are suggested to be used as platforms for observation. - Real-time telemetry system for coastal waters The use of mobile phones is pretty common even in developing countries these days; these can be efficiently used for transmitting real-time data measurements from coastal stations not too far from the coast. - Governance duplication problem The coastal zone is often subject to overlapping governance of local, provincial and central governments. It is important for each agency and organization involved in coastal development to realize that there is a need for a better integrated approach to coastal monitoring for the area of interest, instead of trying to solve their problems independently when they occur. 3) In situ observation for calibration and validation of Satellite Remote Sensing Developing countries enjoy lots of benefit from the high technology and investment of the advanced countries in ocean satellite remote sensing. It is expected that the developing countries should in turn provide the in situ. measurement data for their territory to the world community, which will take a crucial role in the calibration and validation of remotely sensed observations. To be able to persuade developing countries to participate in such contributions through providing the accurate in situ data, it is suggested that international programs like GOOS help the developing countries with the use of satellite remote sensing data more widely by providing the technology needed in application of the remotely sensed data, and to develop useful products. 4) Cooperation for Regional GOOS Following is the motivation and justification for cooperation among the countries sharing the same water body: i). Boundary Conditions for coastal models to solve various coastal problems need be obtained through regional or basin-scale models covering all the regional area. ii). Neighboring countries normally have common problems in coastal disasters induced by the same kind of events. iii). Neighboring countries share a common interest in preserving and managing the marine environments and resources of the regional sea. Obstacles to realtime exchange of the ocean observation data 1). Not much experience with data exchange or benefit from data sharing 2). Conflict with national interest (Security and Pollution Problems) 3). Technical Problems How to overcome the obstacles in ocean data exchange The most essential matters in promoting regional observing systems is that each participating country recognize the benefit that they can get through regional cooperation in real-time data exchange. It is expected that GOOS will develop capacity building programs to help developing countries in building ocean forecasting and service systems as the most effective strategy for GOOS implementation so that developing countries will actively participate in GOOS. 5) Data Product for Nowcast and Forecasting Proper reports of present sea state and its short range prediction for coastal waters are highly desirable for coastal disaster mitigation and for various marine operations. Significant obstacles exist that have hindered the operational data production for oceanographic communities: i). Problem in providing meteorological forcing data ii). Real-time data for the entire regional sea is needed for data assimilation to provide proper initial conditions. iii). Offshore lateral boundary conditions of the regional sea 6) Coastal Hazard Reduction and Global Climate Change Study The fundamental action to mitigate coastal hazards is to prepare proper measures to mitigate coastal disasters in advance through coastal defence projects such as construction of coastal defence facilities and proper management and control of coastal areas based on design criteria. Hazard or inundation maps are also used to prepare certain measures to mitigate coastal flood disasters in low lying areas. It is assumed that the climate is in steady state in the analysis of design criteria, which may not be valid in the future due to the impact of global climate change. With the increase of sea surface temperature as a results of global warming, the intensity of typhoons is expected to increase. The most challenging task in coastal disaster mitigation may be the estimation of extreme sea states in the future caused by the intensification of typhoon intensity related to global climate change. Strategy of Implementation of Ocean Observing System Active participation of developing countries in the implementation of GOOS is essential, since they cover a large portion of the world ocean. First the issue why regional GOOS is important for the successful implementation of GOOS will be discussed and then the problem how to establish regional GOOS successfully in developing countries will be summarized as a strategy for GOOS development. 1). Regional GOOS for the users and for Global GOOS Each country will acknowledge the usefulness of the ocean observing system through regional operational oceanographic systems, which will justify the investment of national resources in building national ocean observing systems that will form an essential element of GOOS. For more effective data products, each country will realize the need of real-time data from the neighboring countries of the regional sea, which will in turn promote the real-time data exchange among regional countries and with rest of the world, which is essential for GOOS development. More consistent observation programs through operational observation systems will enable continuity of measurements that will guarantee that key measurements will be sustained without breaks in the record, which is important for GOOS. Global components of GOOS would be easily implemented by integrating the regional ocean observing systems and by other international or regional programs initiated by international agencies to cover the ocean that are not handled by Regional GOOS (ROOSs). 2). Coastal Hazard Reduction and Regional GOOS The coastal countries, both advanced and developing, will pay more attention to coastal disaster prevention, which will become a major motivation for active participation in the ocean observing system. The reluctance to share real-time data related to national security and marine pollution can be more easily overcome through the justification of the participation of each country in coastal hazard reduction activities through regional GOOS. Observation systems for coastal hazard reduction can be used by GOOS. The cooperation in regional GOOS for coastal disaster prevention can be an easily obtained first step toward global GOOS. 3) How to help developing countries to build National Ocean Observing Systems and active participation in regional GOOS ? Promotion of regional GOOS with emphasis on coastal hazard reduction Providing basic technology in building Ocean Observing Systems and Data management through capacity building programs Help developing countries to build Coastal Hazard Forecasting Systems and other ocean prediction models for operational oceanography Coastal Hazard reduction with Storm Intensity Variation with Climate Change since this is a more direct issue for many coastal countries, it should be easier for IOC to persuade member countries to participate in Global GOOS Technology development for in situ observations and remote sensing (including ground radar). Gaps in coverage, continuity of service of remote sensing monitoring programmes may be a problem of advanced countries that cannot be handled by developing countries. 4). Coordination with other related programs GEOSS can be a good platform for the GOOS for further development. GEOSS is discussed at higher government levels, even at cabinet meetings, in many countries. It should be somewhat easier to initiate a program regarding to the ocean observation system when working together with GEOSS. ___________     IOC-WMO-UNEP-ICSU/GSSC-X/5.5.2 page  PAGE 4 IOC-WMO-UNEP-ICSU/GSSC-X/4.3 page  PAGE 3 IOC-WMO-UNEP-ICSU/GSSC-X/4.3 page  PAGE 4 IOC-WMO-UNEP-ICSU/GSSC-X/5.5.2 Annex page  PAGE 1 145BEMRWXfg d e s uh[O[hhmH nHsH tHh[ymH nHo(sH tHhmH nHo(sH tHhhmH nHsH tHh>/hyCJaJnHo(tHh#CJaJnHo(tHh# h>/h#h>/h#5\h#5CJ\aJh#CJaJh#CJaJnHo(tHh#h#CJaJnHo(tHh[yCJaJnHo(tHh#h#CJPJaJ5Xfg $$Ifa$gd>wgd# '7$8$]'`gd# '7$8$]'`gd[y 34 > e   ~~~~~ytojgd[ygdgd#gd[y$a$gd#gd#skd$$Ifx\ q)   U(4 xayt>w       K L * + o s   Z \ ״vavavavavavavavavavO#h\h[y>*CJOJPJQJaJ(h[yh[yCJOJPJQJaJmH sH  h[yh[yCJOJPJQJaJh[yhCJaJnHtHh[yh\#CJaJnHtHh/h#CJaJnHtH%hVh#5\mH nHo(sH tHh5\mH nHo(sH tH%hVhV5\mH nHo(sH tHh#mH nHsH tHh#mH o(sH    $ 9:<=stRS  D6  *$^a$gd[y*$a$gd[y$a$gd[y 9:UVfi$'<stps34RS DιιιιΩιιιιιιΩ~k~k~k~~$h[yh[yCJOJQJaJmH sH h[yh[yCJOJQJaJh\CJOJQJaJo(h\CJOJPJQJaJo(h[yh[y5CJOJQJaJ(h[yh[yCJOJPJQJaJmH sH  h[yh[yCJOJPJQJaJh[yCJOJPJQJaJo("h\h[y5>*CJOJQJaJ& 6PQhj +BH_r͸͸͸͸͸͸͸͸͸͸͸͸͸͸͸͸ͧͧ͸͸͗h\5CJOJQJaJh[yh[y5CJOJQJaJ h[yhk>CJOJPJQJaJ(h[yh[yCJOJPJQJaJmH sH  h[yh[yCJOJPJQJaJ#h[yh[y5CJOJPJQJaJh~5CJOJPJQJaJ2  +512pL*$ hh^h`a$gd\*$a$gd\*$a$gdk>*$a$gd[y *$^a$gd[y&' NQ~/359ߵߨykkh\CJOJPJQJaJh[yh[yCJOJQJaJh[yh\5CJOJQJaJh[yh[y5CJOJQJaJh\5CJOJQJaJ(h[yh\CJOJPJQJaJmH sH (h[yh[yCJOJPJQJaJmH sH  h[yh[yCJOJPJQJaJh\CJOJPJQJaJo(*9:lm12<>pL04VWqt K ߼߬sߚ߬ h[yh\CJOJPJQJaJ+h[yh[y5CJOJPJQJaJmH sH #h[yh[y5CJOJPJQJaJh[yh[y5CJOJQJaJh\CJOJPJQJaJ(h[yh[yCJOJPJQJaJmH sH  h[yh[yCJOJPJQJaJh\CJOJPJQJaJo(-L  K L i!j!!"X"""0$1$%&&&]&^&''!("(3)4)U*V* *$ & Fa$gd\*$a$gd\*$a$gd~*$a$gd[yK Y Z t } ~ !!!!""A"B"W"X"Y"""""2#3#########$$-$.$D$H$S$V$@%A%\%a%%%%%%&&&﹬#h[yh[y5CJOJPJQJaJh\CJOJPJQJaJo(h~5CJOJQJaJh[yh[y5CJOJQJaJ h[yh\CJOJPJQJaJ(h[yh[yCJOJPJQJaJmH sH  h[yh[yCJOJPJQJaJ5&&]&&&'''!(R(V((())S)T)b*c*y*z***R+S+++++8,@,C,r,,,,,- -L-M-N-P-U-V-h-m-1.2.3.D.E.۲۠ۏۏۏۏۏۏۏۀۏh~CJOJPJQJaJo( h~h[yCJOJPJQJaJ#h[yh[y5CJOJPJQJaJ&h\h[y5CJOJPJQJ\aJ(h[yh[yCJOJPJQJaJmH sH  h[yh[yCJOJPJQJaJ&h\h[y5>*CJOJPJQJaJ2V*A+B+B,C,r,s,>-?-1.2...o/p///-0.00011*$h^h`a$gd\ *$h^ha$gd~ *$ & Fa$gd[y*$a$gd[y *$ & Fa$gd\E.o.r........//A/B/o/////////+0-0.0H0J0r0s0000̶̶ykY#h~h~CJOJPJQJaJo(h\CJOJPJQJaJ+h~h~CJOJPJQJaJmH o(sH "h~CJOJPJQJaJmH sH (h[yh[yCJOJPJQJaJmH sH +h[yh[y5CJOJPJQJaJmH sH #h[yh[y5CJOJPJQJaJ h~h[yCJOJPJQJaJ h[yh[yCJOJPJQJaJ 000111"1%1A1C1]1e1w1z11111111D2G2K2M2w2z2222;3>3V3Y3q3s333߻߻߻ߦ߻߻߻߻߻߆uuud h\h\#CJOJPJQJaJ h\h[yCJOJPJQJaJ#h[yh[y5CJOJPJQJaJh\CJOJPJQJaJ(h[yh~CJOJPJQJaJmH sH (h[yh[yCJOJPJQJaJmH sH h\CJOJPJQJaJo( h[yh[yCJOJPJQJaJh~CJOJPJQJaJo(%11122223333333444444$a$gd\#gd#gd[y *$ & Fa$gd[y*$a$gd[y *$ & Fa$gd~ *$h^ha$gd~ *$ & Fa$gd\33333334444444!4#4&4'4,4-43444ƷrcPBPh\.h~0JCJaJh$jh\.h~0JCJUaJhh\.h~CJaJmH sH 'h\.h~CJaJmH nHo(sH tHh~B*CJaJnHphtH"h~B*CJaJnHo(phtHh\.h~B*CJaJphhKC]h~B*CJaJphhsjhsUh\#hznHtHh\#nHtHh[yh/nHo(tHh[yh/CJaJnHtH4'4748494V4f4g4h4444444 y$B^gdr39 y$Bgdr39$ y$B^a$gdr39$ y$B^a$gd[ygd/ $Bgd/ $Bgd\ y$B$ y$B^a$gd#$ y$B^a$gd*cs4454648494K4R4V4[4\4b4c4d4e4f4g4h4z444444ɺ{p{_{Qɺ>$h\.h~CJaJmH nHsH tHh~CJOJQJmH sH  h~0JCJaJhmHnHuh~0JCJaJhjh~0JCJUaJhh~CJOJQJmH sH "h~B*CJaJnHo(phtHh\.h~B*CJaJphhKC]h~B*CJaJphh~h\.h~CJaJmH sH $jh\.h~0JCJUaJh h~0JCJaJhmHnHu4444444444444444444444޾zf޾bWh\#hznHtHhs'h\.h~CJaJmH nHo(sH tHh~B*CJaJnHphtH"h~B*CJaJnHo(phtHh\.h~B*CJaJphhKC]h~B*CJaJphh~h\.h~CJaJmH sH  h~0JCJaJhmHnHu$jh\.h~0JCJUaJhh\.h~0JCJaJh44444$a$gd\#gdr39: 00&P 1hP. A!"#$n% C 0 00&P 1hP:p\#. A!"#$n% $$If!vh5 5 55 #v #v #v#v :V xU(5 5 55 / 44 xayt>w+@@@ NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH T@T Heading 1$$1$@&a$5CJOJQJaJhR@R Heading 2$$*$@&a$5CJaJmH sH @@@ Heading 3$$@&a$5\X@X Heading 4$$@&]^a$5CJ\aJ\@\ Heading 6"$$ n7@&G$^7 5]aJhDA@D Default Paragraph FontVi@V  Table Normal :V 44 la (k(No List .O. Marge `DOD Par$ 77G$`7a$hHOH TOC1  & F5B*CJOJQJaJphFO"F TOC2  & FB*CJOJQJaJphLB@2L Body Text$ & Fa$CJaJmH sH JOBJ p2 1$CJOJQJ_HmH sH tH BORB fax $1$a$5CJOJQJaJhJ@bJ Header 9r 1$CJOJQJaJhB)@qB Page NumberOJQJmH sH u4 @4 Footer  9r vC@v Body Text Indent  y'7$8$]'`CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH FP@F Body Text 2$a$5CJ\aJlOl TIRET bul 1cm3$ & F SSG$H$^S`a$h>O> COI & F 7mH sH @Q@@ Body Text 3$a$CJaJ\O\ Blockquotehhdd]h^haJhmH sH tHJOJ Level 101$^`0 aJhtH NON (a)* $ 77G$^7`a$hZR@Z Body Text Indent 2!$`a$ CJmH sH tS@"t Body Text Indent 3" p|G$^p`|PJhmH nHsH tHbO2b  action item#$ & Fxxa$gd-6PJaJmH sH H@BH - Balloon Text$CJOJ QJ ^J aJ6U@Q6 *cs Hyperlink >*B*phnObn *cs Ron's normal&dxx1$7$8$H$ CJOJPJQJ^JaJmH sH lOrl *csRon's Heading 1 '1$*CJ$KH OJPJQJ\^JaJ hmH sH >>@> \#Title($a$5PJ\mH sH >J@> \#Subtitle)5PJ\mH sH POP s0*1$7$8$H$$CJOJ QJ _HaJmH nHsH tH,de $9:<=st  R S D ,3)v:3)v:3)v:3)s s s sss 3)s3)3)3)3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s3)s5Xfg  >e $9:<=st  R S D    6  +512pLKLijX01%&]^! " 3!4!U"V"A#B#B$C$r$s$>%?%1&2&&&o'p'''-(.((())))****+++++++,,,,,,',7,8,9,V,f,g,h,,,,,,,,,,000000 0 0 0 0 000000000000*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0*0 *0*0 *0*0 *0*0 *0*0*0*0 *0*0 *0*0 *0*0*0*0 *0*0 *0*0 *0 *0 *0 *0 *0 *0 *0 *0*0*0 *00000@000@000@000@000@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@03500#5Xfg  >e***++',9,f,,,,000000 0 0 0 0 0000j000@0@0@00000 000'j00j00n O?j00j00 00l =lllll 9K &&E.034444!"$%'(*+-/0  LV*1444 #&),.14079_fh!!!!ge#he#ie#tje#ke#4le#tme#4ne#toe#pe#qe#4re#se#tte#FFeel"'"'+',     KKjqq *'0'0',  B *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagscountry-region9*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsplace8 *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsCity=*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceType=*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceName>*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PersonName $&[    hs ?Gkt3:jk#*T[adc"e":$?$Q%U%h%m%A)G)9*C*++++++,,,,,,,,[ g    !!$$h'n'<+C+++++++,,,,,,',+,V,Z,,,,,,,33333333333333333335Y   **++++++++,,,,,,',,,V,[,e,f,,,,,,,++++++,,,,,,,,,tI  t`%4 8^|JL_Jav!`p )Ȼx[) n0>.g*M3!3V954 tP#A 9rbZ?<*U)C ĠHdL KYN#NJS :xG'5U92YR v~h_.R:d6l#PwuX}5 ~ h^`OJPJQJ^Jo(-h^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hH808^8`0o(() ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.h**^*`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHoh  ^ `OJ QJ o(hHh  ^ `OJQJo(hHhjj^j`OJ QJ ^J o(hHoh::^:`OJ QJ o(hHh  ^ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHPP^P`PJo(.   ^ `hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH.   ^ `hH. `L`^``LhH. 00^0`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.h ^`OJQJo(h ^`OJ QJ o(oh pp^p`OJ QJ o(h @ @ ^@ `OJQJo(h ^`OJ QJ o(oh ^`OJ QJ o(h ^`OJQJo(h ^`OJ QJ o(oh PP^P`OJ QJ o(h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.h ^`OJQJo(h ^`OJ QJ o(oh pp^p`OJ QJ o(h @ @ ^@ `OJQJo(h ^`OJ QJ o(oh ^`OJ QJ o(h ^`OJQJo(h ^`OJ QJ o(oh PP^P`OJ QJ o(h^`OJPJQJ^Jo(-h^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hH ^`OJQJo(0^`05o(.88^8`o(.p0p^p`0o(..@ 0@ ^@ `0o(... 0^`0o( .... HH^H`o( ..... ^`o( ...... P`P^P``o(.......  ` ^ ``o(........h^`OJPJQJ^Jo(-^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHopp^p`OJ QJ o(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHo^`OJ QJ o(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHoPP^P`OJ QJ o(hH0^`0o(() ^`hH.  L ^ `LhH.   ^ `hH. xx^x`hH. HLH^H`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.h^`OJPJQJ^Jo(-h^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hH-h^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJPJQJ^Jo(hH-h^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hH ;^`;56o(^`.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.0^`0o(.0^`056CJOJQJo(.0^`0o(..0^`0o(... 88^8`o( .... 88^8`o( ..... `^``o( ...... `^``o(....... ^`o(........^`OJPJQJ^Jo(-^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHopp^p`OJ QJ o(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHo^`OJ QJ o(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHoPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh ^`hH.h ^`hH.h $ $ ^$ `hH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.h ^`OJQJo(h ^`OJ QJ o(oh pp^p`OJ QJ o(h @ @ ^@ `OJQJo(h ^`OJ QJ o(oh ^`OJ QJ o(h ^`OJQJo(h ^`OJ QJ o(oh PP^P`OJ QJ o(h^`56o(*hH Action .h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h XLX^X`LhH.h ( ( ^( `hH.h   ^ `hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h hh^h`hH.h 8L8^8`LhH.h^`OJQJo(hH-h^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh ^`OJQJo(h ^`OJ QJ o(oh pp^p`OJ QJ o(h @ @ ^@ `OJQJo(h ^`OJ QJ o(oh ^`OJ QJ o(h ^`OJQJo(h ^`OJ QJ o(oh PP^P`OJ QJ o(3NJSM3dL KR:dh_|J2Yp )x[)v! ~#A 9%4 U)C954PwJat?<0>.X}'5UH:                          H                                   :         :         "H*        :         Э        :         .        :                  L                 Э                 BA>wsrw8\#R"%U'Q*H+3-\.?*0O5Is7r39k>8N?_EGIVK Sfj\KC]o]_ dj1iL@kp*cs*z~,]/## y[yq-T\\v*KPly 8`z!`hfVzg ++,,,9,V,,my&@++tI ++,0@Unknown Gz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z Arial;5 |i0BatangCheY CG TimesTimes New Roman;|i0BatangO1 CourierCourier NewC1Courier 10cpi;SimSun[SO5& zaTahomaQTimes New Roman?5 z Courier New;Wingdings#1heܲF;f;f@l%Ol%O"4d++ 2qHP ?GI2GSSC-X*4.3 Coastal Hazards and Ocean ObservationsDong-Young Lee Boram Leel                   Oh+'0B0 DP p |  GSSC-X,4.3 Coastal Hazards and Ocean ObservationsDong-Young Lee Normal.dot Boram Lee5Microsoft Office Word@@b.`@^Z@z;`l%G<@ Rt"    6&."System6&6 &S@ -Y@Times New Roman- .2 $&6Restricted distributionoJA.8.J.JT*T.A.7.TT..SS 2 &6 K2 =&6IOCs8yo 2 ]&6-72 &6WMOsy 2 >&6-72 u&6UNEPxyf\ 2 (&6-82 ` &6ICSU/GSSC8o\y.x\]o 2 "&6-82 "&6X/y-2 #&64.3PT)T 2 Y$&6 K6&'2 h$ &6Agenda Item: yTISTJ)8.J.*2 h&64.3PT)S 2 h&6 2 h=&6Paris, g]J8.A**2 h&6March,I8JS2 h&6 2007,*STST 2 h &6 K6&' 2 '$&6 2 '= &6English onlyfST..AT)TT.S 2 '&6 K6&'I@Times New Roman- 2 7&6 SI@Times New Roman-&2  6INTERGOVERNMENTAL Gz{z{{z/ 2  6OCEANOGRAPHIC {pG/2 q   6COMMISSIONGfgH 2 q i  6 d-2 B   6(of UNESCO)=\=.pfz= 2 B  6 \-2  #6WORLD z/"2 m  #6METEOROLOGICAL zzzzGz/2 q   #6ORGANIZATIONHyzG 2 q  #6 ]"2 6UNITED NATIONS G{z.zHf/2  6ENVIRONMENT zHzz/2 q ] 6PROGRAMMENpz 2 q K6 \ 2 y$6INTERNATIONAL Gz{{Gz/2  y$6COUNCIL FOR Gz/p/2 q y$6SCIENCEgfGzz 2 q 9"y$6 ]- 2  7&6 S8@Times New Roman-X2 3&6Tenth Session of the Global Ocean Observing System YoCo2oYNN7do2dC2CoY27dod82YYdo1oNYYd8od1odNCY2 2 q&6 k-@2 #&6Scientific Steering Committee (GSSCoY8YoC7C8Y2nBYYY8od2d8BCYY1Cno 2 &6-C2 P&6X)C8@Times New Roman- 2 #&6 [ 2 &6Seoul, Korea, oYdd822dCXY222 r&613 Edd2 2 l&6d 2 &6 16 March 20072dd2YCYd2dddd 2 &6 Z- 2 a&6 S 2 ma&6 S- 2 A &6C42 A! &6OASTAL HAZARD REDUCTION ANDgzz/y/zzH."2 A&6 A STRATEGY FOR..f{z{.q 2 A%&6 2  &6REGIONAL zG{.R2  /&6OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIESz.{fzH.gfzzf.G.zz{pH.{Gzf 2 &6 d- 2  &6(submitted by =G\\333Q\.\\.2 &6Dong\\\ 2 V&6-="2 &6Young Lee, GSSC\\[[.pQQ..ffz 2 &6)= 2 (&6 T 2 7&6 S 2 7&6 S 2 ^7&6 S\2 076&6 To reduce costly damage due to natural hazard....p\1=Q\\QQ10Q\G33]011\QR\Q1\\Q113[11\P3\=Q31\QQQ=\ 2 0X&6sG>2 0"&6 to the minimum, we need real13\113\Q13\4\.111Q11\QR\11=QQ3 2 0`&6-==2 0!&6time information on sea state l33Q113\=\=Q33\\11\\1GQQ11G3Q4R/2 7p&6and marine environments and near future prediction for proper warning and for timely operation to reducQ\\;Q=3\Q<R\\3=\\Q\3G;;Q\\;;\QQ=;;<\3\=Q;\=Q\3Q32\\;=\=:;;;\<[\Q=;;Q=\3\\:Q\\;=\=;33Q4\;;\\Q=Q33[\;2\;;=Q\\Q2  #&6e the Q;3\Q.A2 7$&6impact. Fundamental countermeasure4\QQ3.AAAf\\\QQ\3Q3AQ]\\3Q=QQG\=R 2  &6sGq2  D&6 such as proper construction of coastal hazard prevention facilitiesAG\Q\AQGA\=\\Q=AQ\\G3=\Q33\\A\=AQ\QG3Q3A\QQQ=\A\=Q\Q\33\\A=QQ33333QG2 !&6 andAQ\\2 "&6 other gA\3\Q>.>2 7"&6hardware construction require long\Q=\Q=Q8Q\\G3=\Q33\\8=Q\[3=Q83\\\ 2 ` &6-=2  R&6term statistical prediction of marine environments obtained from the accumulation 3Q=8G3Q33G33QQ38\=Q\3Q33\\8\<8Q=3\Q8Q\\3=\[Q\3G8\\3Q3[Q\8==\83\Q8QQQ]\3Q33\[.2 |7&6of longg\=.3\[\ 2 |D&6-=2 | &6term obse3Q=/\\GQ2 |N&6rvationg=\Q33\\ 2 |V &6sG.2 | &6 or hindcasting data. -\=.\3[\QQG33\\.\Q3Q... 2 |&6 R2 O7&6 t... 2 O&6 R\2 !76&6 Coastal countries pay more interest and attention ....z\QG3Q3IQ\\\3=3QGI\P]H\>QI3\3Q=QG4IQ\\IQ33Q\33[\I2 !&6to3\k2 !h@&6 coastal hazard reduction because it is directly related to the IQ\QG3Q3H\QQQ=\I=Q\\Q33\\I\QQQ\GQI33I3GI\3=QQ32]I<Q3Q3Q\I3\I3\P-z2 7J&6interest of local and national governments. Reduction of coastal disaster3\3Q=QG3D\=D3\QQ3DQ\\D\Q33\\Q3D\\\Q=\Q\3G.DDzQ\\Q43\\D\=DQ\QG3Q3D\3GQG3Q= 2 &6sH2 / &6 can be aDQR\D\QDQ 2 &6n\"2 T&6 acceptable jusDQQRR\3Q\3QD3\G(2 &6tification for the 33=3QQ33\\D=\=D3\Q.2 7o&6establishment of the ocean observing system, especially for developing countries. The working strategy of the cQG3Q\33G]Q\3[\=[3\Q[\QQR\[\\GQ=\3\\ZG]G3Q.\QG\RQ3Q33][=\=[\P\Q3\\3\\[Q[[\3=3QG.[[p\Q[\=\3\\[G3=Q3Q\]Z\=[3\Q-=2 7!&6establishment of the ocean and cogQG3Q\33G]Q\3.\=.3\Q.\QQQ\-Q\\.Q\ 2  &6aQe2 7 <&6stal observation system can be formulated by linking with coG3Q3.\\GQ=\Q33\\.F\G3R.RQ\.\Q.=\=\3Q4Q\.[]-33\\3[\.33\.P\ 2 &6aQ/2 &6stal disaster reduction.G3Q3.\3GQG3R=.=Q\\Q33\\. 2 e$&6 R 2 m7&6 S-2 @7&6The sozfQ.G_2 @8&6trategy for Regional GOOS and coastal hazard reduction=Q\=Q\].=\Q.Q\3\f\2.f..\ff..Q\\G=\3.f\P\Qf.QQffQ=3\g- @ !T7- 2 @&6 c- 2 7&6 S42 7&6The problems (deficiencies)p\Q<\=\\3QG<=\Q=3Q3Q\Q4RG= 2 \ &6 <#2  &6in establishing 3\<QG3Q\33H\3\\<2  &6an Q\<s2 E&6ocean observing system are analyzed mainly for developing countries. &\QQQ\<\\GQ=\3\\<F]G3Q<Q>Q<Q]Q3]QQ\<Q3\3]<=\=;\Q\Q3\[3\\<Q\\\3=3QG..52 7&6By analyzing such obstacles z]LQ\Q2]Q3\[LG\Q\L\\G3QQ4QGL2 &6for =\=X2 3&6 developing countries in implementing GOOS, we woulcL\Q\Q3\\3\\LQ\[\3=3QGL3\L4\3RR\33\\Lf.LQL\\342 &6d be able to formulate the \L\QLQ\3QL3\L=\>\4Q3QL3\Q/2 !7 &6strategy iG3=Q3Q\].2 !&6for =\=)2 !&6 GOOS development. .f.\Q\Q3\\Q\3... 2 ! &6 S- 2 _"7&6 c[2 1#75&61) Active participation of local, national governmenti\=.Q=3\Q.f\Q=3Q3f\=3\f.\=-3\Q\3..f\=2\e\3.\[\QQfRf= 2 1#/&6 c- 2 $7&6 SU2 $71&6It seems more likely that developing countrm=3...GQRG./\=Q..33\Q3]..3[Q3..\Q\Q3\\3[\.Q\\\3=2 $&6ies areg3QG.Q=QU2 $1&6 not willing to resume the task of establishing m..\\3.3333\\-3\.=QG]Q.3\R.3QG\.\=.QG3Q\43G\3\\.2 $&6an Q\.#2 $&6ocean observing \QQQ\.\\GQ=\3\\-#2 %7&6system if it G]G3Q=<3=<<34<<2 %sh&6does not meet with the immediate national or local interests such as coastal hazard reduction. Most \\QG<<\\3<<QQ3=33\<3\Q<4Q\3Q3Q=<\Q33\\Q3<\=<3\QQ3<3\3Q=QG3H<G\Q\<QG=Q\QH3Q3<\QQQ=\<=R\\Q33\\.<<[G4.2 |&7&6challengQ\Q33Q\\2 |&&6ingl3\\2 |&i&6 in promoting ocean observing system is the demonstration of the usefulness of the observation system by f92\9\=\\33\\8\QQQ\9\\GQ=\3\\9F]G3Q93H93\Q9\Q\\G3>Q33\\9\=92\Q9[GQ=\3\QGG9\=93\Q9\\GQ=\Q33[\9F]G3R9\\-72 N'7&6providing useful data product&\=\\3\2\\6\GQ=\37\Q3Q7\=[[\Q32 N' &6s G72 N'C &6to soe3\7G\X2 N' 3&6lve various local problems including coastal hazardn3\Q6\Q=3\\G73\QQ36\=\\3QG73\Q4\\3\[7Q\QG3Q37\QQQ=\ 2 N'&6sG;2 N' &6. Hence, the basic strategy of .77Q\QQ.73\Q7\QG3Q7G3=Q3Q\]6\=-2 !(7r&6GOOS development is to help developing countries with the capacity of data product using observation data so that fA\Q\Q4\\Q\3A3GA3\A\Q3\A\Q\Q3\\2\\AQ\[\3=3QGA33\A3\QAQQ\QQ33]@\=A\Q3QA[=\\\Q3A\G3[\@\\GQ=\Q33\\A[Q3QAG\A3\Q3.C2 (7%&6they can recognize the usefulness of 3\Q\.QQ\.=QQ\\\3QQ.3\Q.\GQ=\3\QGG.\=.2 ( &6an sQ\.&2 ( &6ocean observing sy[QQQ\.\\GQ=\3\\.G]42 (&6stem for their own benefit.G3Q.=\=.3\Q3=.\\.\Q[Q=33. 2 (&6 S- 2 )7&6 cY2 *74&62) Cost efficient approach of ocean observing system\=.\G=.Q==3Q4Qf=.\ffQ\\Qf.\=.\QQ\f.[fGQQ\3f\.G\G=Q 2 *9&6 d- 2 l+7&6 Sd2 ?,7;&6 The development of cost efficient observation system is ...p\QE\Q\Q3[\Q\3E\=EQ\G3EQ==3Q3Q\3E\\GQ=\Q33\\EG]F3RE3GF2 ?,&6an sQ\E12 ?,&6essential approach for thQGHQ\33Q3EQ\\=\QQ\E=\=E3\2 ?,&6oses\GQ42 ?,&6 developing countries that E\Q\Q3\\3\\EP\\\3=3QGE3\Q4-_2 -78&6cannot afford to build and operate expensive observationQQ\\\3.Q==\=[.3\.\\23\.Q\[-\\Q=Q3Q.Q\\Q\G3\Q.\\GQ=\Q33\\2 -&6 systemg.F]G3Q 2 -&6sG2 -&6. s... 2 -{&6 S 2 -7&6 S- 2 .%&6-=[2 .b5&6 Extension of the existing coastal observation systemi.z\=QfG3\f.\=.=fQ.Q\3G=3f\.Q\\G=\3.\fGQQ\\=3\f.G\G=Q 2 .Q&6 d-2 /%O&6 It is possible to convert the existing observation system to the real...=313G1\\GG3\2Q13\111Q\[\Q=3113\Q111Q\3G33\[11\\GQ=\Q33\\01G]G3Q13\13\Q1=QQ3 2 /&6-=A2 /L$&6time system using the low cost data 34Q1G]G3R1\G3\\13\Q13\1Q\G31\Q3P.;2 ]0% &6logger and telemetry technology.3\\\Q=.Q\\.3Q2RQ3=].3QQ\\\3\[\. 2 ]0&6 R 2 01%&6 SI@Times New Roman--66&&66&&66&&66&&66&&66&&66&&66&&66&& 6 6& &  6 6& &  6 6& &  6 6& &  6 6& & 66&&66&&66&&66&&66&&66&&66&&66&&66&&66&&66&&66&&66&&66&&66&&66&&66&&66&& 6 6& & !!6!6&!&!!""6"6&"&""##6#6&#&##$$6$6&$&$$%%6%6&%&%%՜.+,0 hp|  ]O+ GSSC-XU COASTAL HAZARD REDUCTION AND A STRATEGY FOR REGIONAL OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEMS IN  ( (submitted by Dong-Young Lee, GSSC) Title Headings  !"#$%&'()*+,-./012456789:<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxy{|}~Root Entry F`Data 31Table;'|WordDocumentdSummaryInformation(z4BDocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjq  FMicrosoft Office Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q