ࡱ> %` Sbjbj .̟̟-%NNNNNNNb(((8)DF)Tbdyl))")))*`,,Dxxxxxxx${h8~xN=**==xNN))y(BBB=N)N)xB=xBBZNN\)) `?!v(A0}[xD(y<dy[~3B~0\\~N\,s2 B}6<9:,,,xx3BX,,,dy====bbbF bbbFbbbNNNNNN International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project Progress Report for SCOR, August 2008 Table of Contents Rotation of the Scientific Steering Group for 2008-2010 ...1 The Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Panel (GO-SHIP) ....1 The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) Project....3 Changing Times: An International Ocean Biogeochemical Time-series Workshop ..4 Standards for Ocean Acidification Research and Data Reporting ..6 Ocean Carbon in the Southern Ocean Observing System Strategy.6 Ocean Carbon Sensor Directory .7 UN Interagency Coordination Group on Ocean Fertilization..7 International Nutrients Scale System Workshop.....9 New IOCCP Director Sought for 2009..11 Rotation of the Scientific Steering Group for 2008-2010 The IOCCP was launched as a standing project of IOC and SCOR in 2005 with requirements to develop a rotation scheme for the members of the scientific steering group following the first 3-year term. The Scientific Steering Group is composed of a Chair and 8 members selected for expertise in specific areas of IOCCP activities and ability to provide a global perspective on ocean carbon research and observation activities and plans. For the 2008-2010 term, Chris Sabine (NOAA/PMEL, USA) has agreed to continue as Chair of the SSG, and he is joined by returning members Masao Fukasawa (JAMSTEC, Japan) and Dorothee Bakker (UEA, UK). New members of the SSG for this term include Toste Tanhua (IfM-Geomar, Germany), Alex Kozyr (CDIAC, USA), Ute Schuster (UEA, UK), Melchor Gonzalez (U. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain), Pedro Monteiro (CSIR, South Africa), and Yukihiro Nojiri (NIES, Japan). The co-chairs of the SOLAS-IMBER joint carbon coordination group, Arne Kortzinger (IfM-Geomar, Germany) and Truls Johannessen (Uni. Bergen, Norway), also serve as ex-officio members of the IOCCP SSG. The IOCCP and its sponsors would like to thank the outgoing members for their participation and leadership during these critical first 3 years of the projects development: Bronte Tilbrook (CSIRO, Australia), Cindy Lee (SUNY-Stonybrook, USA), Helmuth Thomas (Dalhousie, Canada), Cyril Moulin (CNRS, France), and Nick Bates (BBSR, Bermuda). The Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Panel (GO-SHIP) Both the CLIVAR community and the ocean carbon community have recognized the urgent need for better coordination of planning, implementation, standardization, data synthesis and interpretation efforts for hydrography. The hydrography community has also recognized that todays hydrography programs address different issues than were addressed during the WOCE era; issues that require a more integrated approach both in terms of variables measured, sampling strategy, and integration of ship-based sampling with other platforms such as Argo and time series stations. Following an action set at the International Repeat Hydrography and Carbon Workshop (Shonan Village, Japan, November 2005), the IOCCP, CLIVAR, and the SOLAS-IMBER Carbon Coordination Group are sponsoring the Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Panel (GO-SHIP) to bring together interests from physical hydrography, carbon, biogeochemistry, Argo, OceanSITES, and other users and collectors of hydrographic data, to develop guidelines and advice for the development of a globally coordinated network of sustained ship-based hydrographic sections that will become an integral component of the ocean observing system. Panel Members include Masao Fukasawa (JAMSTEC, Japan), Chris Sabine (NOAA, USA), Bernadette Sloyan (CSIRO, Australia), Toste Tanhua and Arne Koertzinger (IfM-GeoMar, Germany), Gregory Johnson (NOAA, USA), and Nicolas Gruber (ETH, Switzerland). Terms of Reference: i. To develop the scientific justification and general strategy for a ship-based repeat hydrography network, building on existing programs and future plans, that will constitute the core global network, post-CLIVAR; considerations should include: a set of basic requirements to define a coordinated repeat hydrography network (e.g., sample spacing, repeat frequency, recommended core measurements, etc.); an inventory of existing and planned sections that meet those criteria; an assessment of other observing programs that can either contribute to or use hydrography data (e.g., Argo, OceanSITES, GeoTraces, etc.); an assessment of data release needs to meet research and operational objectives; an inventory of on-going or planned scientific synthesis activities (basin and global) that might benefit from closer collaboration; guidelines for the transition from the CLIVAR hydrographic program to the new system, including sections, data and information management, and synthesis activities. ii. To develop guidelines for a single global information and data center for ship-based repeat hydrography; iii. To review and provide guidance on the need to update the WOCE hydrographic manual, including a review and update of data quality control issues. It is envisaged that the advisory group will develop a report within a <2 year period that will be circulated widely for consultation and consensus on the way forward. The final startegy will be presented at OceanObs 09. This document may then be used by the sponsoring organizations as well as national agencies to develop a coordinated network of ship-based repeat hydrography that will contribute to the global ocean / climate observing system. The first meeting was held from 1-2 November 2007 during the PICES annual meeting, and all members except Gruber attended. The agenda covered review and approval of TORs, science goals, temporal and spatial sampling considerations, recommended core measurements, contributions from other platforms, data release and sharing, data synthesis, data and information management needs, revision of the WOCE hydrographic manual and needs for new standards or methods, the way forward with development of the strategy and plans for the next meeting. A draft strategy was developed at the meeting, and the Panel members will continue to work on this via email over the next several months with a view to making it public for community review in mid-2008. Revision of the WOCE hydrography program manual began in April, with the goal of having first drafts on-line for community review by September 2008. Alex Kozyr will host the on-line community review on the CDIAC site. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) Project At the Surface Ocean CO2 Variability and Vulnerability (SOCOVV) workshop in April 2007, co-sponsored by IOCCP, SOLAS, IMBER, and the Global Carbon Project, participants agreed to establish a global surface CO2 data set that would bring together, in a common format, all publicly available surface fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide, which is the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) corrected for non-ideal behavior of the gas) data for the surface oceans. This is an activity that has been called for by many international groups for many years, and has now become a priority activity for the marine carbon community. This data set will serve as a foundation upon which the community will continue to build in the future, based on agreed data and metadata formats and standard 1st level quality-control procedures, building on earlier agreements established at the 2004 Tsukuba workshop on Ocean Surface pCO2 Data Integration and Database Development. This activity also supports the SOLAS and IMBER science plans and joint carbon implementation plan. This data set is meant to serve a wide range of user communities and it is envisaged that, in the future, 2 distinct SOCAT data products will be made available: a 2nd level quality controlled, global surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of CO2) data set following agreed procedures and regional review a gridded SOCAT product of monthly surface water fCO2 means on a 1 x 1 grid with no temporal or spatial interpolation. An extended 1st level quality-controlled data set has been developed, building on the work started in 2001 as part of the EU ORFOIS project by Dorothee Bakker (UEA), which now continues as part of the EU CARBOOCEAN project, where Benjamin Pfeil and Are Olsen (Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research) have compiled the publicly-available surface CO2 data held at CDIAC (Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center) into a common format database based on the IOCCP recommended formats for metadata and data reporting. This compilation will include data from over 10 countries, producing an initial database composed of more than 1250 cruises from 1972 - 2007 with approximately 4.5 million measurements of various carbon parameters, available in a common format, 1st level quality-controlled data set. A small technical meeting was held in Bremen, Germany, on 5 December 2007 (associated with the 3rd CarboOcean Annual Meeting) to agree on 1st level QC for the data set and to decide on a way forward for the 2nd level QC issues. The IOCCP, along with CarboOcean and the SOLAS-IMBER Joint Carbon Group, held a 2nd technical workshop at UNESCO, Paris, from 16-17 June 2008 to develop internationally-agreed 2nd level quality-control procedures and to discuss the coordination of regional scientific groups to conduct the 2nd level quality control analyses. The goals for this meeting were to: Reach international agreement on 2nd Level QC procedures Identify approaches for gridding and interpolation Identify major science issues for each basin and globally Develop a short report for distribution to all relevant networks The meeting report will be available in August 2008. Over the next few months the regional groups will become firmly established, will identify and submit missing data sets and will explore which 2nd level quality control checks may be performed in each region (deadline 1 September 2008). After 15 September 2008 the regional groups are asked to carry out 2nd level quality control on the SOCAT data and address key process-related scientific questions requiring large-scale joint synthesis efforts, while aiming for scientific presentations at ICDC-8 (International Carbon Dioxide Conference) in September 2009 and a first public release of the two SOCAT products by late 2009. Marine CO2 scientists and modelers keen in to participate in the above activities are encouraged to contact regional or global group leaders. Changing Times: An International Ocean Biogeochemical Time-series Workshop Time-series studies comprised a major component of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study and are providing a continuing legacy of biogeochemical observations over time frames that are now becoming long enough to examine a range of climate forcing. The Hawaii Ocean Time-series, Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series and CArbon Retention In A Colored Ocean time-series, for example, now have close to twenty years of data including a wide array of biogeochemical observations in different ocean regions. Literally hundreds of publications have come from the time-series sites and a whole generation of scientists has had some connection to these sites. Despite repeated acknowledgement by the international community that time series stations are critical for understanding the processes controlling ocean carbon and biogeochemical cycles, maintaining funding support for these platforms has been difficult. Without a coordinated network of scientists using the stations in an organized effort, the community has become dispersed, and research carried out on the stations has focused more on individual PI-based investigations or sensor development. Without international support, it is possible that many stations will not continue in the future. In 1999, an international group of scientists formed the OceanSITES program to develop a coordinated, interdisciplinary international network of stations, research programs, and scientists to sustain and enhance the use of time-series observations. Although the physical oceanographic community is strongly tied into OceanSITES, the biogeochemical community is still disorganized. To support and strengthen the ocean carbon and biogeochemical time-series effort, the IOCCP, OceanSITES, and the Partnership for Observations of the Global Ocean (POGO) are sponsoring a workshop at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography from 5-7 November 2008. The Scientific Committee includes Chris Sabine (Chair, NOAA/PMEL, USA), Richard Lampitt (NOC, UK), Bob Weller (WHOI, USA), Uwe Send and Tony Koslow (SIO, USA), Melchor Gonzalez (Uni Las Palmas, Spain), Nick Bates (BBSR, Bermuda), Matt Church (UH, USA), and Trevor Platt (BIO, Canada). The goals of the meeting are to mobilize the community to participate in this international network and to highlight the critical research that can only be carried out using time-series (both ship-board and autonomous) observations. The workshop will also assess the future of time-series observations in an age when it is becoming technically feasible to develop basin and global scale networked arrays of ocean time series stations, offering a new tool with enormous potential to cover a range of spatial and temporal scales never before possible. The time is right for the international ocean carbon and biogeochemistry community to examine how time-series observations can be used most effectively to advance our understanding of ocean processes and how these processes vary in time and space. Specific goals of the workshop are: To identify on-going activities and plans using time series observations; To examine the suite of observational methods and try to develop standard approaches that will allow more direct comparison of results from different sites; To review emergent science from the existing ocean time-series sites; To review the balance between ship-based and moored time series sites; To identify carbon and biogeochemistry research priorities that can best be addressed through time series observational programs; To analyze gaps in the network for addressing research priorities; To encourage and facilitate the development of new collaborations using time series networks; To explore the potential for using basin-scale and globally networked time series stations; To inform the ocean carbon and biogeochemistry community of the OceanSITES global network and data management system for the array; and, To facilitate incorporation of ocean time-series data into model ground-truthing, sensitivity and error analyses, and model-data fusion activities. Standards for Ocean Acidification Research and Data Reporting The need for standardized protocols and reporting of data has been highlighted at numerous ocean acidification workshops over the past few years. Common methods are crucial if we are to identify differences (or lack thereof) in calcification among various taxa, regions, and over time. It is also imperative that data be reported in a manner that will be comprehensible and accessible to scientists several decades from now if changes are to be detected. Specifically, the international research community needs to establish agreed protocols for calcification rate measurements and mesocosm / perturbation experiments, as well as for protocols for data reporting. At its kick-off meeting from 10-13 June, the European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA) agreed to merge several standards and protocol activities into a single activity, and the IOCCP agreed to work with EPOCA to develop an international workshop on standards for ocean acidification research and data reporting. The advisory group includes Ulf Riebesell (IfM-GEOMAR, Germany), Deborah Iglesias-Rodriguez (NOC, UK), Richard Bellerby (Uni Bergen, Norway), Kitack Lee (Pohang Uni, Korea), Victoria Fabry (California State Uni., USA) , and Dick Feely (PMEL, NOAA, USA). The meeting will be held tentatively at the end of November at IfM-GEOMAR in Kiel, Germany in order to meet EPOCA deliverable dates. The workshop will produce short technical reports for each major topic covered (e.g., perturbation experiments, calcification experiments, etc.), as well as a Guide to Best Practices for Ocean Acidification Research and Data Reporting. Participants at the kick-off meeting pointed out that many experimental aspects of ocean acidification research are still in the development stages and it may be too early to set agreed standards or protocols for many things. It is also clear that one workshop under tight deadlines may not be sufficient to produce a comprehensive Guide. However, participants noted that research is moving forward rapidly and a dialogue about protocols and standards must begin now. There are already many aspects of carbon chemistry applicable to acidification research that have been thoroughly documented in the Guide to Best Practices for Oceanic CO2 Measurement, and application of these protocols to acidification research would greatly improve the current situation. In the end, the first version of the Guide will most likely end up being a mixture of standards, guidelines, and, most critically, reporting and documentation requirements, so that individual experiments are fully comprehensible and reproducible. To ensure full community participation and input, drafts of the Guide will be made available on-line for open community review period before publishing. Ocean Carbon in the Southern Ocean Observing System Strategy The IOCCP has established a small group to provide input to the strategy development of the SCOR/SCAR/POGO/CoML/GOOS Southern Ocean Observing System. The group consists of Nicolas Gruber (ETH, Zurich), Bronte Tilbrook (CSIRO, Australia), Chris Sabine (NOAA/PMEL, USA), Nicolas Metzl (LOcean, France), Mario Hoppema (AWI, Germany), Dorothee Baker (UEA, UK), Andrew Lenton (LOcean, France), Pedro Monteiro (CSIR, South Africa), and Richard Bellerby (Uni Bergen, Norway). The IOCCP developed a background document on carbon observations for the Southern Ocean for the planning meeting held from 1-3 October 2007 in Bremen, Germany and Mario Hoppema attended. Richard Bellerby attended the follow-up meeting in St Petersburg, Russia in July 2008. Richard Bellerby is a member of the SOOS Panel and has offered to represent the group at future meetings. Ocean Carbon Sensor Directory The OceanSensors08 workshop was held at the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, IOW, in Warnemnde, Germany, from 31 March to 4 April 2008 (http://www.oceansensors08.org/ ). In special sessions, draft white papers were discussed, including for sensors for fluxes through the sea surface (headed by Arne Krtzinger, IFM-GEOMAR, Germany), and sensors and instruments for oceanic carbon measurements (headed by Ute Schuster, UEA, UK). Manuscripts are now being prepared for submission to a special issue in the journal of Ocean Science, http://www.ocean-science.net/index.html. In addition to the manuscript for oceanic carbon measurements, an internet-based directory of sensors and instruments has been developed by the IOCCP. The first version site can be viewed at: www.ioccp.org >Sensors. The development of this directory stimulated great interest by the workshop participants, as it provides an overview of available technologies of interest to scientist aiming to start oceanic carbon measurements and to developers aiming to improve on technologies utilized. The issue of Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs, see e.g. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_Readiness_Level), was also discussed. TRLs have been adapted for marine research, where the aim is to provide documentation (publications, cruise reports, laboratory reports, project reports, etc.) that describes the level of development for each sensor / instrument. The IOCCP will continue to develop this directory and actively seeks input and suggestions from the ocean carbon community. UN Interagency Coordination Group on Ocean Fertilization On 5 February 2008, the Scientific Groups of the International Maritime Organizations Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (1972) and its 1996 Protocol (also known as the "London Convention) requested scientific and technical input from the IOC on the issue of ocean iron fertilization aimed at sequestering atmospheric CO2, to be presented at the 31st Session of the London Convention Scientific Groups (Guayaquil, Ecuador, 1923 May 2008). An informal Consultative Group of Experts was developed to respond to this request, consisting of Dr. Ken Caldeira (Carnegie Institute, Stanford, USA), Ulf Riebesell (IfM-GEOMAR, Germany), Andrew Watson (Uni East Anglia, UK), Philip Boyd (Uni Otago, New Zealand), and Chris Sabine (NOAA/PMEL, USA). This group developed a statement (http://ioc3.unesco.org/oanet/OAdocs/IOC_OF_Statement%20with%20add.pdf) in response to a series of scientific and technical questions posed by the London Convention Scientific Groups, and the Chair of the Consultative Group, Dr. Ken Caldeira, attended the meeting as an observer. This input was considered by the Working Group on Ocean Fertilization of the London Convention Scientific Groups in order to determine the implications for the protection of the marine environment from ocean fertilization and to provide a scientific and technical basis for evaluating such activities. The decision of the London Convention Scientific Groups was, inter alia, that the London Convention Scientific Groups Statement of Concern Regarding Iron Fertilization of the Oceans to Sequester CO2 (November 2007) remained valid. That statement (http://ioc3.unesco.org/oanet/OAdocs/IOC_LCSGStatement.pdf) noted with concern the potential for negative environmental impacts and recommended that any such operations be evaluated carefully to ensure that they were not contrary to the aims of the Convention and Protocol. The Scientific Groups also noted that it is important to have scientific and technical expertise included in the delegations when ocean fertilization is discussed further at the next meeting of the governing bodies, and that better coordination is needed among the UN organizations, programmes, and agencies dealing with this issue. On May 19-30 2008, the 9th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted a decision concerning ocean fertilization activities, referring to the on-going legal and scientific analyses being carried out by the IMO London Convention (http://www.cbd.int/decisions/cop9/?m=COP-09&id=11659&lg=0). This decision urges governments to ensure that ocean fertilization activities do not take place until there is an adequate scientific basis on which to justify such activities, with the exception of small-scale research studies in coastal waters. The decision also called for a global transparent and effective control and regulatory mechanism for ocean fertilization activities. The IOC ad hoc Consultative Group on Ocean Fertilization responded to this decision in an addendum to their original submission to the IMO London Convention, expressing concern about the limitation of experiments to the coastal zone, which may impede legitimate research activities, as well as the lack of distinction between legitimate research activities and those proposed to sequester CO2 that may fall under the proposed global regulatory mechanism. This addendum was submitted to the London Convention Secretariat and circulated to the Chairs of the Governing Bodies, Scientific Groups, Working Group on Ocean Fertilization, and the Secretariat of the CBD. The 41st session of the UNESCO - IOC Executive Council (June 2008) reviewed the report by the IOC ad hoc Consultative Group of Experts and recent actions and decisions by IMO and CBD (http://ioc3.unesco.org/oanet/OAdocs/INF1247-1.pdf). They agreed that proposals to use ocean fertilization to sequester carbon in the ocean is cause for concern, that there is insufficient understanding of the potential impacts of such activities on the marine ecosystem, and that a precautionary approach is appropriate until safeguards can be established. They further agreed to initiate a UN-interagency partnership with IMO, CBD, and UNEP to coordinate advice and actions on ocean fertilization, and to compile and synthesize scientific information on potential impacts from ocean fertilization for consideration at the 10th Conference of the Parties to the CBD. In addition, they encouraged the IOC to continue to work with SCOR on the Ocean Carbon Sequestration Watching Brief, and to work with the SCOR Working Group 131 in compiling and synthesizing information about ocean fertilization experiments. The ocean fertilization working group of the IMO London Convention Scientific Groups and a Legal Intersessional Correspondence Group will continue their work to determine if ocean fertilization activities are counter to the aims of the Convention. Their next session will be held in October 2008 and will address what further action should be taken towards regulation of ocean fertilization under the Convention and Protocol. International Nutrients Scale System Workshop The IOCCP has been requested to support the INSS project. The IOC is providing funds to support and host the first workshop. The IOCCP SSG will discuss officially endorsing this as an IOCCP activity at the SSG-III meeting in October. 2009 INSS International Workshop 1012 February 2009 UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, France 1 rue Miollis, 75015 Paris, France Organizing Committee: Michio AOYAMA, Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Andrew DICKSON, University of California at San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA David HYDES, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK Akihiko MURATA, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Japan Jae OH, IAEA Marine Environment Laboratories, Monaco Patrick ROOSE, QUASIMEME, Wageningen, The Netherlands Malcolm WOODWARD, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, UK Objectives of the workshop: 1) Update the manual of nutrient analysis. 2) Review the use of nutrient data in oceanography and necessity of INSS. 3) Prepare summary report of 2008 RMNS (Reference Material for Nutrients in Seawater) intercomparison experiments. 4) Update plan for short-term stability experiment characterization of RMNS in 20092011; 5) Report on the progress of certification of RMNS by the National Metrology Institute of Japan. 6) Expand current RMNS for DOC, DON and DOP references 7) Organize an international INSS working group under an international organization such as IOCCP-IOC-UNESCO. Background: The comparability and traceability of data on nutrients in the worlds oceans are fundamental issues in marine science, particularly for studies of global climate change. Our community has been continuing to improve the comparability of nutrient data in many ways, including by intercomparison experiments and the development of nutrient reference materials. However, as Climate Change 2007 The Physical Science Basis (IPCC 2007) stated, adequate comparability and traceability have not yet been achieved. The IPCC 2007 report comments as follows on nutrient comparability: Using the same data set extended to the world, large regional changes in nutrient ratios were observed (Li and Peng, 2002) but no consistent basin-scale patterns. Uncertainties in deep ocean nutrient observations may be responsible for the lack of coherence in the nutrient changes. Sources of inaccuracy include the limited number of observations and the lack of compatibility between measurements from different laboratories at different times. (Bindoff et al., 2007). The IOC-IAEA-UNEP Group of Experts on Standards and Reference Materials (GESREM, 1993) drew attention to an urgent need for certified reference seawater for nutrients. Dickson (2001) drew attention to the need to develop certified reference seawater covering several determinants in the one bottle. During the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) period, the WOCE Hydrographic Program Planning Committee (WHPPC) recognized the importance of worldwide comparability of WOCE nutrient data. In the 1990s a number of studies were organized under the ICES umbrella. These studies were well documented (see Aminot et al., 1995 and Aoyama, 2006 for details). In Europe, this led to the setting up of QUASIMEME (Topping, 1997), which annually validates the procedures of individual laboratories. But this system is inadequate for supporting the traceability that is required to link measurements from day to day in order to improve the overall precision within a laboratory or to achieve a known level of comparability between different laboratories. In 2000 and 2002, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA and the National Research Council of Canada (NOAA/NRC) conducted two intercomparisons to certify MOSS-1 (Willie and Clancy, 2000; Clancy and Willie, 2003). However, adequate comparability and traceability of nutrients data have not yet been achieved. Various efforts have been made to change it, but these have been on too small a scale to meet the needs of the global community in measuring nutrients in seawater. In 2003, Michio Aoyama, of the Meteorological Research Institute, Japan, organized an intercomparison study that included 18 laboratories (Aoyama, 2006; Aoyama et. al, 2007). In 2006, Aoyama organized a second intercomparison study that included 55 laboratories worldwide (Aoyama, 2008 in preparation). Both studies clearly showed that the global use of reference materials for nutrients in seawater would greatly improve the comparability of nutrient data worldwide. In early 2007, Aoyama visited the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton to discuss the results of the inter-calibration. The European participants in the inter-calibration and other interested nutrient chemists were then invited to attend discussions at NOC. An International Workshop on Chemical Reference Materials in Ocean Science was held in Tsukuba, Japan, on 29 October to 1 November 2007. It focused on the measurement of nutrients and of ocean CO2 parameters. The current status of available chemical reference materials, especially for nutrients references in ocean science were discussed, and the participants agreed to start a collaborative program, called the International Nutrients Scale System (INSS), to establish global comparability and traceability. The agreements at the workshop in Tsukuba 2007 marked an epoch in the history of nutrients comparability. The 2009 INSS workshop in Paris is a follow-up meeting of 2007 workshop in Tsukuba to advance international collaboration to establish global comparability of nutrients data in the world ocean.. New IOCCP Director Sought for 2009 After 10 years managing the IOCs ocean carbon programs, Maria Hood will be leaving the IOC at the end of December 2008, but will continue to work as a part-time consultant for the IOCCP to facilitate the transition to a new director and to assist with the ever-expanding work load of the project. A DRAFT job announcement (below) will be sent out in mid-August to email networks, newsletters, and EOS to search for a new director. The IOCCP (www.ioccp.org) promotes the development of a global network of ocean carbon observations for research through technical coordination and communications services, international agreements on standards and methods, and advocacy and links to the global observing systems. The IOCCP is co-sponsored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO and the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research. The IOCCP is seeking to appoint a director for the project, located at the IOC Secretariat in Paris, France. The director will be assisted by a Ph.D.-level consultant and an administrative assistant. The responsibilities of the director are to assist the IOCCP scientific steering group in developing and implementing targeted workshops; fostering the development of international agreements on global observation strategies, data-sharing practices, and standards; facilitating data collection and syntheses; maintaining an international directory of ocean carbon observations; maintaining a communications network through web and email-based publications; maintaining the Ocean Acidification Network web-site; helping to implement the Ocean in a High CO2 World symposium series; fund-raising and managing the projects finances; representing the IOCCP at international meetings; regular reporting to the sponsors; and responding to ocean carbon issues in UN conventions and other intergovernmental activities as requested by IOC Member States. For this post, we seek a candidate with a Ph.D. in chemical oceanography or closely related field with 7-10 years experience, preferably with several years experience in program management and working at the international level. The candidate should have a good knowledge of current ocean carbon observation and research priorities, and have excellent IT skills, including web design. The candidate must be fluent in English and have excellent verbal and written skills, as well as very good interpersonal skills and the ability to work in a multi-cultural environment. International travel will be required. The initial appointment is for one year, starting in January 2009, and is renewable, subject to satisfactory performance and continued extra-budgetary funding. Starting salary will be approximately $75,000 US dollars, paid in local currency, and is exempt from income tax. UNESCO offers an attractive benefits package including 30 days annual vacation, home travel, pension plan and medical insurance. Candidates should send a Curriculum Vitae along with full contact information for 3 professional references no later than 30 September 2008 to Dr. Maria Hood by email (m.hood@unesco.org) or mail (UNESCO IOC, 1 Rue Miollis, Paris 75732 Cedex 15, France).     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