ࡱ> q` abjbjqPqP c::$(((Px,@pT(|||U|ќ@7@9@9@9@9@9@9@$Bh E]@9"]@||#@||7@7@~O88w>|ؗ q(;X?|@0@;&Fe&Fw>&Fw>DHY C]@]@YX@D+ 23e0 2e  ASK PtN "Please type part number (for headers)" \* MERGEFORMAT 1 Restricted distribution IOC/EC-XLI/3 prov. Pt. 3 Paris,  TIME \@ "d MMMM yyyy" 30 June 2008 Original: English  INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION (of UNESCO) Forty-first Session of the Executive Council Paris, 24 June 1 July 2008 DRAFT SUMMARY REPORT Part  FILLIN "Please type part number (for title)" \* MERGEFORMAT 3 (Agenda items  FILLIN "Please enter agenda items covered in this part" \* MERGEFORMAT 4.3.4, 4.3.5, 4.4.1-4.4.3, 4.5.1, 4.5.2, 4.6.1, 4.6.2- 4.6.5) 4. PROGRAMME MATTERS REQUIRING DECISIONS BY THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL [] 4.3 ADDRESSING THE IMPACTS OF CHANGE AND VARIABILITY, INCLUDING SEA LEVEL RISE [MLA 2.1] [] 4.3.4 Interaction with the WMO-ICSU-IOC World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) 1. The Director of the WMOIOCICSU World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), DrGhassem Asrar, introduced this item. The mission of the WCRP in recent years has expanded, with the objective of supporting climate-related decision-making and planning for adaptation to the impact of climate change. This can be achieved through the development of scientific research to improve climate predictions and our understanding of the human influence on climate, and through work with appropriate partner organizations. Ocean science is central to WCRP activities, which support the achievement of IOCs High-Level Objectives and the objectives of the IOC-led UNESCO Intersectoral Platform on Climate Change. Recent achievements of particular interest to the IOC include: completion of the atlases from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE); observations and research under the IPY; focussed activities on seasonal prediction and decadal climate modelling; identification of gaps in observations and research on climate change; adaptation to, and mitigation of, the impacts of climate change, based on the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report; and capacity-building activities focussed on the effective use of climate science. The WCRP would like to strengthen mechanisms for consultation on user needs related to the climate and oceans. DrAsrar invited IOC Member States to provide input to direct their climate research programmes, based on their interests and priorities. He expressed his appreciation for the continued IOC sponsorship and support in recent years. 2. Dr Neville Smith, in his capacity as a member of the ongoing ICSUWMOIOCIGFA Review of the WCRP, outlined the conduct of the review, which was scheduled to publish its findings in January 2009. He invited the Executive Council to respond to a number of specific questions for the review process. 3. The Assembly, at its 24th Session (Paris, 1928 June 2007), reaffirmed its commitment to continue as a cosponsor of the WCRP, and requested the Executive Secretary to maintain a strong level of involvement in the provision of scientific guidance to the WCRP. It called on the Executive Secretary to continue support at the level of US$125,000 per annum, ideally through Regular Budget, and to report to the Executive Council, at its 41st Session, on the specific measures, within the operational plans for the Secretariat, to meet this commitment. These specific measures were treated under Agenda Item 5.1. 4. The Executive Council requested the IOC Vice-Chairman for Ocean Science, DrChrif Sammari, to synthesize the Councils input to the WCRP Review, which is published in Annex ___. It requested the Assembly, at its 25th session, in June 2009, to assess the outcomes of the WCRP Review in terms of their implications for the Commission. Report on the IMO London Convention Scientific Group Meeting on Ocean Iron Fertilization IOC Programme Specialist in the Ocean Sciences Section, DrMaria Hood, introduced this item. The IOC Assembly, at its 21st session (Paris, 313 July 2001), noted that the issue of ocean CO2 sequestration was important for the IOC, but it cautioned about the implications of direct involvement of the IOC in matters that might be counter to the International Maritime Organizations Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (1972) and its 1996 Protocol (also known as the "London Convention) without further discussion among the Member States. The Assembly at its 21st Session agreed that the IOC should continue monitoring developments in ocean CO2 sequestration and maintain a watching brief on the environmental and scientific implications for Member States. Subsequent meetings of the IOC governing bodies have confirmed this mandate. On 5 February 2008, the Scientific Groups of the London Convention requested scientific and technical input from the IOC on the issue of ocean iron fertilization aimed at sequestering atmospheric CO2, to be presented at the 31st Session of the London Convention Scientific Groups (Guayaquil, Ecuador, 1923 May 2008). Under the authority of the IOC Executive Secretary, an ad hoc Consultative Group of Experts (category VI) on Ocean Fertilization was set up to advise the Executive Secretary to respond to this request. The Group was formed by selecting a limited number of leading scientists active in the IOC-SCOR International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, which has a mandate to provide scientific advice on ocean carbon sequestration. This Group developed a statement in response to a series of scientific and technical questions posed by the London Convention Scientific Groups (document IOC/INF1247), which was accepted by the Executive Secretary, who decided to transmit it to the IMO as the input of the IOC Consultative Group of Experts. The Chairman of the Consultative Group of Experts, Dr Ken Caldeira, attended the 31st Session of the London Convention Scientific Groups as an observer. The members of the ad hoc Consultative Group of Experts served in their personal capacity as experts, and the input provided to the IMO does not constitute an intergovernmental statement of the IOC. This input was considered by the Working Group on Ocean Fertilization of the London Convention Scientific Groups to determine the implications for the protection of the marine environment from the effects of ocean fertilization and to provide a scientific and technical basis for evaluating iron-fertilization activities. The decision adopted in Guayaquil was, inter alia, that the London Convention Scientific Groups Statement of Concern Regarding Iron Fertilization of the Oceans to Sequester CO2 (November 2007) remained valid, that it is important to have scientific and technical expertise included in the delegations to the London Convention when ocean fertilization is discussed further at the next sessions of the Governing Bodies, and that better coordination is needed among the UN organizations, programmes and agencies, whose areas of competence implicate them with this issue. The 9th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD; Bonn, Germany, 1930 May 2008) adopted a decision concerning ocean fertilization activities, referring to the on-going legal and scientific analyses being carried out by the IMO London Convention. This statement urges governments to ensure that ocean fertilization activities do not take place until there is an adequate scientific basis on which to justify them, with the exception of small-scale research studies in coastal waters. The decision also called for a global transparent and effective control and regulatory mechanism for ocean fertilization activities. The IOC ad hoc Consultative Group of Experts on Ocean Fertilization was consulted by the Executive Secretary to respond to this decision. The Consultative Group drafted an addendum to their original submission to the IMO London Convention (document IOC/INF1247), expressing concern about the limitation of experiments to the coastal zone, which may impede legitimate research activities in the high seas, as well as the lack of distinction between legitimate ocean research activities and those proposed to sequester CO2 that may fall under the proposed global regulatory mechanism. This addendum was submitted on behalf of the Executive Secretary to the London Convention Secretariat and circulated to the Chairpersons of the London Convention Governing Bodies, Scientific Groups, Working Group on Ocean Fertilization, and the Secretariat of the CBD. Subsequent consultations among the Secretariats of the IOC, IMO and CBD highlighted common goals of ensuring that appropriate scientific and technical expertise is available for decision-makers at intergovernmental meetings, and ensuring better coordination among the UN organizations, agencies, and programmes dealing with this issue. The IOC was invited by the Secretariat of the IMO London Convention to submit a statement and participate in the IMO 30th Consultative Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the London Convention and the 3rd Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the 1996 Protocol (London, UK, 2731 October 2008). The CBD Secretariat proposed the establishment of an inter-secretariat mechanism between the IMO, IOC, UNEP, and CBD to compile and synthesize scientific information on potential impacts from ocean fertilization, for consideration at the 10th Conference of the Parties to the CBD. The Secretariats propose that this issue be dealt with by UN-OCEANS to determine a way forward for coordination on this issue. The Member States noted the Report of the IOC ad hoc Consultative Group of Experts on Ocean Fertilization, and agreed that proposals to use ocean fertilization to sequester carbon in the ocean is cause for great concern. They agreed that there is insufficient understanding of the potential impacts of such activities on the marine ecosystem, and that a precautionary approach is appropriate until safeguards can be established. Several Member States expressed concern about the way in which the IOC ad hoc Consultative Group of Experts on Ocean Fertilization was constituted, without communication or consultation with Member States. Some Member States called for an update to the IOC Manual with specific reference to the procedures for implementation of activities that require a rapid response by the IOC. The Executive Council took note of the proposal of the CBD Secretariat to discuss the development of coordination between the IMO, IOC, UNEP, and CBD to compile and synthesize scientific information on potential impacts from ocean fertilization for the consideration at the 10th Conference of the Parties to the CBD. The Executive Council agreed that the IOC should participate in the scientific synthesis activity through the IOCSCOR International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project. The Executive Council also recognized the important contribution of the SCOR Working Group 131 that is synthesizing the results of the previous international iron fertilization experiments, and encouraged close collaboration with SCOR in the development of the synthesis for the CBD. The Executive Council requested the Executive Secretary to disseminate the results of this scientific synthesis to Member States, under a Circular Letter, as an information document. Concerning the participation of the IOC at the 30th Consultative Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the London Convention and the 3rd Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the 1996 Protocol (London, 2731 October 2008), the Member States did not wish to pursue the development of a new independent IOC group or statement at this time outside the coordination that is envisioned to be established. To contribute to the intergovernmental dialogue on ocean fertilization taking place in several UN Conventions, the Executive Council requested the Executive Secretary to initiate a dialogue with the Secretariats of the IMO London Convention, the CBD and other relevant UN organizations, agencies, and programmes about developing a mechanism to facilitate interagency coordination and coordinated scientific/technical advice on ocean fertilization issues, and to report on this item, including draft Terms of Reference for such activity, at the next session of the IOC Assembly. 4.4 SAFEGUARDING MARINE ECOSYSTEM HEALTH AND INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT [MLA 2.2] 4.4.1 Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, including Socio-Economic Aspects The Acting Head of Ocean Sciences, Mr Julian Barbire, introduced this item. Document IOC/INF-1252 (Progress Report on the Implementation of the Assessment of Assessments) was presented at the Ninth Meeting of the UN Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and Law of the Sea (UN, New York, 2428 June 2008). He recalled IOCs commitment to playing an active role in the establishment of the Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, including Socio-Economic Aspects (UNGA Resolution 60/30 Regular Process) and the steps taken by the Commission in this respect. Pursuant to UN Resolution 60/30, IOC and UNEP have jointly initiated the Assessment of Assessments (AoA), which is being implemented in collaboration with other UN agencies and institutions, such as FAO, IMO, WMO and the International Seabed Authority (ISA). Four meetings of the AoA Group of Experts were organized during the period 20072008, and two additional meetings are scheduled, leading to a peer-reviewed report on the AoA (in June 2009) to be submitted to the Ad Hoc Steering Committee, for transmission to the UN General Assembly in the autumn of 2009. A detailed outline of the AoA Report is given in document IOC/INF-1252. Member States' comments to the Lead Agencies are solicited. UNGA Resolution 62/215 (December 2007), on Oceans and the Law of the Sea, included decisions on the Regular Process (Chapter XII) and, among other things, invited Member States, the Global Environment Facility and other interested parties to contribute financially to the Assessment of Assessments, taking into account the work plan and budget approved by the AdHoc Steering Group, in order to complete the Assessment of Assessments within the specified period. So far, financial support from some Member States (Belgium, Canada, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Republic of Korea, United Kingdom and the United States of America) has been received by both IOC and UNEP. However, only one third of resources needed have been committed and the two Lead Agencies have estimated that an amount of US$ 755,000 is still needed to complete the activities of the AoA, leading to the finalization and submission of the final report to the UN General Assembly in 2009. These resources are urgently needed, in particular to cover the Group of Experts' meetings, the peer review process and the cost of translation and publication. To meet their agreed obligations in this respect, IOC and UNEP are fully dependent on extrabudgetary contributions which make this fundamental activity uncertain. Both organisations are working hard to mobilize the financial and human resources necessary, in line with UNGA Resolution 60/30 which states that the AoA should be financed through voluntary contributions and other resources available to participating organizations and bodies, and invites Member States in a position to do so to make contributions. The Executive Council stressed the view that the Assessment of Assessments and the Regular Process provided a unique opportunity to improve the stewardship of oceans. The Executive Council appreciated the lead role assigned to IOC and UNEP, and the spirit of cooperation established with other concerned UN agencies, such as FAO, IMO and WMO. The Executive Council acknowledged the problem of the insufficient financial resources facing the Secretariat, which may ultimately affect the comprehensiveness and the delivery of the Assessment of Assessments Report. The Executive Council therefore urged Member States to contribute financially to the Assessment of Assessments in a timely manner. The Chairman informed the Executive Council that a letter jointly signed by the UNEP Executive Director and the IOC Executive Secretary has been sent out in order to alert Member States to the present shortfall in financial resources. Interaction with the Census of Marine Life (CoML) and other Research Programme on Marine Biodiversity The Executive Secretary introduced this item. The Census of Marine Life (CoML) is a 10-year scientific initiative to assess and explain the diversity, distribution, and abundance of life in the oceans. The Census will deliver its final report in October 2010. Building on Resolution XXIII-3 (Census of Marine Life), the Commission has strengthened its collaboration, mainly through GOOS, IODE and HAB, with two of the major programmatic elements of the Census: the Ocean Tracking Network (OTN), affiliated as a GOOS pilot project; and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), the information and data component of the Census. On behalf of the OBIS Governing Board, the Executive Secretary outlined the Governing Board's viewpoints on the future of OBIS. With the foreseen termination of the CoML in 2010, it is important, for the benefit of the international community, to give continuity to some of its core projects, such as OBIS and OTN. The IOC Executive Secretary, at the first meeting of the OBIS Governing Board (Rome, 2829 April 2008), offered to provide an institutional framework for the continuation of OBIS, either through the development of a partnership or a dedicated extrabudgetary project that would allow for the institutional hosting of OBIS, possibly at the IODE Project Office in Ostend or at another location to be identified. The OBIS Governing Board welcomed the offer, but recommended that this partnership should be further elaborated and a business model be presented to the IOC Assembly for consideration at its 25th Session, in 2009. Other marine biodiversity initiatives of concern to the Commission are, in particular, the revitalized linkages with DIVERSITAS a programme on integrated biodiversity science co-sponsored by UNESCO, ICSU, IUBS and SCOPE, which has established a new marine diversity component addressing: marine microbial biodiversity; marine coastal biodiversity; conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction; and the Diversitas Marine Crosscutting Network. The Expert Group on Global Open Oceans and Deep Seabed (GOODS), co-sponsored by IOC, UNESCO, IUCN, Mexico, Canada, and Australia, has worked on the development of a comprehensive biogeographic classification of open-ocean and deep-seabed areas beyond national jurisdiction. The GOODS Report (peer-reviewed) has been submitted to the Conference of the Parties of the CBD. The Executive Council recognized the importance and value of CoML, the particular value of the OBIS component as a global repository for marine biological data, and the potential of a second phase of OBIS to expand data in this vital repository and to improve the interface for global access and exchange of marine biological data. The Executive Council considered OBIS a highly attractive future component or partner of IODE, and welcomed the wish of the OBIS Governing Board to investigate different scenarios for a close affiliation between IOC and OBIS, or the adoption of OBIS by the IOC. It requested the Executive Secretary and the IOC Data and Information Management Advisory Group to work together with the OBIS Secretariat to develop a document for submission to the 25th Session of the IOC Assembly in 2009. The Executive Council considered that the document should describe possible scenarios for collaboration between IOC and OBIS, concentrating on the possibility of the creation of an IOC-OBIS Programme and an IOCOBIS Programme Office. It should, for different scenarios, investigate consequences for both IOC and OBIS, and should contain estimates of budgetary implications, and involve consultations, as appropriate, with potential donors and/or host organizations. 4.4.3 Integrated Coastal Research The IOC Ocean Science Section Programme Specialist, Henrik Enevoldsen, introduced this item. Referring to: (i) the oral report on the first meeting of the Advisory Group for the Ocean Sciences Section (OSS), presented to the 39th Session of the IOC Executive Council (Paris, 2128 June 2006); and (ii) Resolution XXIV-5 on "Ocean Sciences Programme priorities in the light of the IOC Medium-Term Strategy 20082013" and the decision therein to develop integrated coastal research on direct human influences on coastal-ocean functioning and ecosystem health, as well as marine modelling as a cross-cutting element, the OSS and the committees established under Global NEWS and GEOHAB have developed an outline for an intersection of several IOC programmes under the theme: Coastal Eutrophication: Linking Nutrient Sources to Coastal Ecosystem Effects and Management (document IOC/INF-1249). Although there are several IOC activities (GlobalNEWS, GEOHAB, ICAM, GOOS, LME) that currently address the issue, they are, at present, not linked or integrated. While each of these programmes has independent missions and goals, their intersection would help to advance our understanding of both current and predicted impacts of nutrient loads in watersheds on coastal water quality, ecosystem function, and policy response. The goal of the intersection of these programmes is to develop quantitative relationships between nutrient sources and controlling factors in watersheds and their effects on coastal systems, and then apply these quantitative relationships to inform development and implementation of policies to improve coastal water quality. This integrative activity would facilitate science-based solutions to coastal eutrophication for countries around the world, by contributing to greatly enhanced knowledge base, a modelling framework, and the development of a self-sustaining community of model users in developed and developing countries who use the models to attribute sources of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) within watersheds, to quantify past and potential future export of N and P to the coastal zone, and to develop estimates of the relative effectiveness of eventual policy decisions on coastal water quality at regional to international scales. The Executive Council welcomed the initiative as a follow-up to the recommendations of the Advisory Group for the Ocean Sciences Section. The Executive Council endorsed the further development of a work plan and elaboration of funding requirements through a dialogue between the Secretariat, GlobalNEWS, the GEOHAB SSC and interested Member States and agencies, with a view to identifying funding for the proposed initial workshop and to present the work plan and funding strategy to the to the 25th Session of the IOC Assembly, in 2009. 4.5 CAPACITY-BUILDING, DATA AND INFORMATION SERVICES AND PROCEDURES FOR MARINE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH [MLA 2.3] 4.5.1 Report on the International Oceanographic data and Information Exchange (IODE) Programme The Co-Chairman of IODE, MrGreg Reed, introduced this item. The objective of the First IODEJCOMM Forum on Oceanographic Data Management and Exchange Standards (IOC Project Office for IODE, Ostend, 2125 January 2008) was to reach a general agreement on and a commitment to adopting key standards related to ocean data management, so as to facilitate exchange between oceanographic institutions. Standards discussed at the Forum included: (i) metadata; (ii) ontology resources; (iii) data and time; (iv) latitude and longitude; (v) country codes; (vi) platforms; (vii) quality control; and (viii) vocabularies. The Forum agreed that the process to adopt and formally publish proposed standards should include exposure to the wider community for comment. An adhoc Steering Team was established to manage and implement the agreed work plan. The Forum recommended that the task of continuing the development of standards and managing the standards process should be assigned to the IODEJCOMM ETDMP. The IOC Strategic Plan for Oceanographic Data and Information Management (20082011), adopted by the IOC Assembly at its 24th Session (Paris, 1928 June 2007), established an IOC Data and Information Management Advisory Group to provide the governance required to implement the Strategy. The 1st Session of the Data and Information Management Advisory Group is planned for the third quarter of 2008. IODE now actively participates as a partner in the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) Pilot Project for JCOMM. The aim of this Pilot Project is to promote and develop integration of marine and other appropriate observations into the WIGOS through three core deliverables: (i) integration of instrument best practices; (ii) development of interoperable arrangements between the ocean data systems and the WMO Information System (WIS); and (iii) the integration of quality-management systems. Achieving the full interoperability of the IODE Ocean Data Portal (ODP) and the WIS will be addressed by the Pilot Project. Interoperability will guarantee access to ocean data by the meteorological, hydrological and climate research and operational community and access of meteorological, hydrological and climate data by the oceanographic research and operational community. Development of standards and their wide acceptance within the meteorological and oceanographic communities is also an important activity that will be addressed by the Pilot Project, and this links naturally with the development of the IODEJCOMM standards process. A Joint Steering Group for the IODE Ocean Data Portal (ODP) and the WIGOS Pilot Project for JCOMM has been established and will meet in September 2008. The IODE continues to implement the Ocean Data and Information Network (ODIN) strategy. The ODINAFRICA-III project concludes in 2008 and a proposal for the next phase is in preparation and will be submitted for funding later this year. This new phase of the project will focus on networking activities and the development of regional products, such as common catalogues and directories integrating global standards and controlled vocabularies, to provide access to available marine data and data products for Africa. Two marine atlas projects are in progress. The African Marine Atlas ( HYPERLINK "http://www.africanmarineatlas.net" www.africanmarineatlas.net) integrates geo-referenced data sets available in the public domain, with multidisciplinary data sets developed and maintained by the African NODCs. The Caribbean Marine Atlas Pilot Project ( HYPERLINK "http://www.caribbeanmarineatlas.net/" www.caribbeanmarineatlas.net/), a joint initiative of nine countries in the Caribbean region (Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands) will identify, collect and organize available geo-spatial data sets into an atlas of environmental themes for the Caribbean region, as a support service to the sustainable development and integrated management of marine and coastal areas in the region. The Pilot Project has a scheduled duration of 14 months (October 2007December 2008). Japan recalled that WESTPAC-VII had assigned high priority to the ODINWESTPAC Pilot Project and it thanked the Government of China for accepting the responsibility of coordinating the implementation of the Pilot Project. Referring further to the importance for IODE of addressing biochemical data management and related quality control, Japan offered to contribute a JODC Publication on this topic. China restated its Governments offer to host the 20th Session of the IOC Committee on IODE, in Tianjin, China, in April or May 2009. The Executive Council welcomed and accepted this kind offer. Sri Lanka, while expressing satisfaction with the establishment of the ODINCINDIO project in 2004, noted the lack of action during the past year, and called on IOC/IODE and IOCINDIO Member States to re-invigorate the project. The Representative of the International Ocean Institute (IOI) described the Institute's cooperation with IOC and its IODE as an encouraging example of the implementation of the UNGA decision on cooperation between governmental and non-governmental organizations. He expressed IOIs appreciation of IODEs support for the development of the IOI and the IOI OceanLearn web sites. He also referred to the Joint IODEIOI Training Course on GIS and Remote Sensing (2006), which had received high praise. He invited IOC/IODE to continue its close cooperation with the IOI and to develop a work plan for the coming years. The Executive Council welcomed the development of the Ocean Data Portal technology, as well as the success of the IODE Training Course on an End-to-End Data Management (E2EDM) Prototype System (IODE Project Office, Ostend, Belgium, 2225 October 2007), and called on the participants in this Course to implement the acquired expertise. The Executive Council, referring to the observations made during the discussion on IPY at the present session (Agenda Item 4.3.1), regretted the difficulties in establishing cooperation between IODE and IPY, and called on their respective Secretariats to establish the involvement of IODE in the management and long-term archival of IPY data, possibly through the Southern Oceans Observing System (SOOS) and the cooperation with CoML/OBIS. The Executive Council strongly welcomed the close collaboration between IOC/IODE and WMO through the WIGOS Pilot Project for JCOMM. It also highlighted the important role of IOC in GEOSS and called on IODE to exercise this role also at the level of data and information management, in particular through its current initiatives on data management standards. The Executive Council thanked the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Flanders (Belgium) for their support to the IODEJCOMM Forum on Oceanographic Data Management and Exchange Standards (IOC Project Office for IODE, Ostend, Belgium, 2125 January 2008). The Executive Council called on all IOC Member States to actively participate in the Ocean Data Standard Pilot Project (ODS) by providing experts and financial support to enable a follow-up Forum. The Chairman of I-GOOS, Dr Franois Grard, expressed his appreciation of the Ocean Data Standards Pilot Project: the pooling of efforts in this regard was in line with the GOOS efforts to develop operational oceanography. The Executive Council considered the IOC Strategic Plan for Oceanographic Data and Information Management as a new milestone in the history of IOC and welcomed the establishment of the IOC Data and Information Management Advisory Group. It noted that the Group would serve two purposes: (i) to guide IODE towards the development of integrated data management and multi-disciplinary data bases, and (ii) to provide a link between IODE and other organizations, including science groups. The Executive Council recommended that, in every project IOC undertakes and which has an impact on data or information, a specific budget allocation be identified for these activities, along with a clear description of the expected outcomes. The Executive Council expressed its appreciation of the continued support by the Government of Flanders to the IOC Project Office for IODE in Ostend, Belgium, noting that this facility had already increased the effectiveness, visibility and impact of IODE considerably. It called on the Government of Flanders and other IOC Member States to continue supporting this facility. The Executive Council called on IODE to play an active role in the 50th Anniversary celebrations of IOC and identified the 20th Session of the IOC technical Committee for IODE as a suitable occasion. Report on Implementation of the IOC Capacity Development Activities The IOCARIBE Chairman, DrGuillermo Garcia Montero, introduced this item. Extrabudgetary funding from SIDA enabled implementation of the first phase of the Capacity-development Programme, pursuant to Resolutions XXIII-10 and XXIII-11. However, this funding will end in December 2008; therefore, implementation of the second phase is significantly endangered. To strengthen national institutes, as the way by which Member States could improve governance in their coastal spaces, three institutional levels have been addressed in concerned institutions: (i) the directors; (ii) project managers; and (iii) bench-level scientists, through, respectively, the organization of workshops on advanced leadership, proposal writing, and training on decision-support tools and team-work. Self-financed attendance at workshops has proven an important performance indicator of the ownership and relevance in which the strategy of self-driven capacity-development is held in the Member States. All advantage gained by the programme to date would, however, be lost if such effort ceased before the introduction of the necessary subsequent stages. The Executive Secretary proposed initiating a second phase comprising: (i) identification of a number of the most responsive institutes and working with them; (ii) ensuring that the appropriate ministries are engaged and committed to supporting and relying on their institutes to provide a sound scientific basis for dealing with important national marine issues; (iii) assisting institutes in raising the awareness of coastal communities, with a view to providing useful science-based services for sustainable development; (iv) fostering regional science associations to catalyse research and dissemination of its results; (v) identification of mechanisms that will, where possible, foster local human-resource trainers, so that regular leadership training can be made regionally available; (vi) assisting institutes of higher learning, using, as a guideline, the UNESCO initiative of engaging with industry, and acting as incubators of responsible and independent entities for applied research; and (vii) increasing the depth and spread of training in the use of: decision-support tools for modelling; geographical information systems; and remote sensing. Tunisia enquired about initiatives aimed at assessing the performance of capacity-development activities. Madagascar enquired about whether the UNESCO-wide priority assigned to Africa was reflected in the capacity-development activities of the IOC. The Secretariat explained that Africa was a real priority, since the majority of capacity-building workshops had been conducted in Africa. Mauritius commended the courses on leadership and their usefulness to scientists-turned-directors, and considered that the taught skills were critical and needed to be made locally available. Tunisia and Indonesia suggested that support for young researchers, in the form of travel and study grants, was a useful way to develop capacity. India, on the other hand, requested strengthening of capacities to exchange data and information in the management of disasters. The Secretariat explained that reductions in the Regular Programme Budget resulted in a drop in the IOC Travel Grants programme. The Republic of Korea noted the importance of capacity-development, and informed the Executive Council of its existing and future cooperative activities in the marine field, with support for WESTPAC to carry out an oil-spill-related project, and for opening up new opportunities in Latin America. China restated its intention to support capacity-development, particularly in the WESTPAC region, and commended those Member States that had contributed to the support for capacity-development activities. China also informed the Executive Council of the strong support that WESTPAC Member States had given to the plan for a Regional Network and Training and Research Centre. China and Portugal encouraged the involvement of the Regional Subsidiary Bodies in capacity-development work, taking into account the different characteristics of different regions. Portugal informed the Executive Council of its intention to work with Portuguese-speaking countries in capacity-development. Australia mentioned its successful SEREAD project (Scientific Educational Resources and Experience Associated with the Development of Argo) for schoolchildren in the Pacific, and the potential of using the Bluelink programme on climate change and variability in the Indian Ocean as a capacity-development tool. Australia also indicated that funding for capacity-development activities would be available and new collaborative opportunities would arise with this. The Russian Federation expressed its support for capacity-development and cooperation, to which it actively contributes through joint programmes in the UNITWIN and Education for Sustainable Development, of UNESCO. The Executive Council concluded that it was important and necessary to continue the capacity-development efforts and launch a second phase along the lines spelt out in the presentation, as proposed by the Executive Secretary, and called on Member States to provide the extra-budgetary support for its implementation. 4.6 MITIGATING THE IMPACTS OF TSUNAMIS AND OTHER MARINE HAZARDS [MLA 3.1] Follow-up of the Fifth Session of the IOC Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (ICG/IOTWS) The Chairman of the IOC International Co-ordination Group for the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (ICG/IOTWS), Dr Jan Sopaheluwakan, introduced this item. By Resolution XXIII-12, the IOC Assembly created an Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (IOTWS) and established an Intergovernmental Coordination Group (ICG) for this System. As a primary subsidiary body of the IOC, the ICG is required to report on its work to a Governing Body. The main outcome of the 5th Session of the ICG (Putrajaya, Malaysia, 810 April 2008) was the adoption of the Working Group 5 Task Teams Implementation Plan for an interoperable network of Regional Tsunami Watch Providers (RTWP) for the Indian Ocean. The ICG welcomed the willingness of Australia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Thailand and the Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre (ADPC) to commence the transition to becoming RTWPs, with India ready to commence operations in June 2008, followed by Australia in July 2008, Indonesia in November 2008, and the others according to the RTWP Implementation Plan. The transition from the interim advisory service currently provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) in Hawaii is expected to be completed by the end of 2010. Dr Sopaheluwakan summarized the intersessional activities of the ICG; they included training courses and workshops on inundation modelling, hazard and risk assessment, and coastal community resilience. He also noted the assessment undertaken by the Secretariat on the performance of the IOTWS following the 12 September 2007 Sumatra earthquake and tsunami, and outlined the programme of activities planned prior to the 6th Session of the ICG, to be held in Thailand in April 2009. The ICG made six Recommendations to the Executive Council for consideration at the present Session: (i) to establish an ad hoc Task Team to provide a detailed plan for the proposed Indian Ocean 2009 Exercise; (ii) to request potential RTWPs to assist in designing training material required by National Tsunami Warning Centres (NTWC) and to conduct training in observational seismology; (iii) to request IOTWS Member States to consider long-term financial and in-kind support to ensure the sustainability of sea-level instrumentation networks and their maintenance; (iv) to hold an Indian Ocean tsunami modelling symposium at the end of 2009 or in early 2010; (v) to adopt the RTWP Implementation Plan of Working Group 5; and (vi) to request the IOC Executive Secretary to open an IOC IOTWS Subsidiary Special Account to allow Member States and international and other organizations to provide funds in order to assist the ICG in the effective provision of secretariat services for the assessment, planning and implementation of the regional early warning and mitigation system; and (vii) to urge the IOC Executive Secretary to look for additional financial resources to assist the ICG in implementing the IOTWS. India noted that it was ready to offer RTWP Service Level 2 and expressed concern that the transition period lasting up to end of 2010 seemed too long. The Secretariat commented that this timeline had been agreed by the ICG after extensive discussion by the Working Group 5 Task Team. India was also concerned that, after three years, the Tsunami Warning Focal Point (TWFP) data base was still incomplete. The Secretariat requested all IOTWS Member States to update their TWFP contact information through the official channels. Indonesia thanked the IOC and the Governments of Germany, Japan, China, and the USA, as well the ICG/IOTWS for their continuous support for the development of the Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (InaTEWS). Indonesia provided a status report on the development of InaTEWS, including the installation of earthquake and tsunami detection equipment, and the progress being made in public education and community preparedness. It informed the Plenary that it now has the capability to produce tsunami warnings within 5 minutes after an earthquake. Indonesia also informed the Executive Council that it will be officially launching the Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System on 11 November 2008. Member States of IOTWS, ASEAN countries, UNESCO, UNDP, other UN organizations, WMO and all supporting partners are invited to participate in the launching that will be honored by the presence of the President of the Republic of Indonesia. Madagascar enquired whether the ICG Working Groups were thematic or subregional in focus and noted that more training and workshops in the East Africa region would be appreciated. The Secretariat confirmed that the Working Groups are organized by subject and that all ICG Member States are welcome to nominate members to any of these Working Groups. Japan expressed its appreciation of the advances made by the ICG/IOTWS, and supported the decisions and recommendations it made at its 5th Session. Japan congratulated India on starting operation as an RTWP and looked forward to other RTWPs starting operation. Japan confirmed that it is pleased to continue providing an interim advisory service until the transition to the RTWP service is complete. France noted that the concept of an interoperable network of RTWP partners could be used in other regions. It was also pleased to see the introduction of Indian Ocean exercises, as these are important for testing the system. Australia welcomed the adoption of the RTWP Implementation Plan by the ICG and the intentions of India, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Thailand and the ADPC to join Australia in implementing and demonstrating RTWP capability in shadow mode to the Interim Advisory Service during the transition period. Australia will begin exchanging earthquake information with other RTWPs from July 2008 and more specific, regional-threat information will become available in 2009. Australia thanked the United States of America and Japan for continuing to provide Interim Advisory Services until 2010. Australia supported plans for undertaking an Indian Ocean warning desktop exercise in late 2008 and an end-to-end exercise in late 2009. Australia requested IOC to find ways to support attendance at Working Group meetings for developing nations and requested the Secretariat to confirm Working Group memberships, so as to assist Working Group Chairpersons to coordinate and organize inter-sessional activities. The United States of America endorsed the report of the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System and highlighted the significance of the RTWP Implementation Plan presented in the report. The United States noted that it has been providing interim advisory services to the Indian Ocean region in partnership with the Japan Meteorological Agency since the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 2004. As the RTWP network develops, it is critical that there be a clear understanding of how it operates, and that there be an orderly transition from the Interim Advisory Services provided by NOAA and JMA. The United States applauded India as the first Member State to begin the process of becoming an RTWP and also applauded Australia and Indonesia for their intention to join the process of becoming RTWPs soon. The Executive Council expressed the IOCs appreciation to the Government of Malaysia for having hosted the 5th Session of the ICG/IOTWS. The Executive Council accepted the Executive Summary of the report of ICG/IOTWS-V and the Recommendations it contains. It adopted Resolution EC-XLI.____. 4.6.2 Follow-up of the Fourth Session of the IOC Intergovernmental Coordination Group For the Tsunami Early warning and Mitigation System in the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and Connected Seas (ICG/NEAMTWS) The Chairman of the Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Tsunami Early Warning and Mitigation System in the North-Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and Connected Seas (ICG/NEAMTWS), Professor Stefano Tinti, introduced this item. Under its Terms of Reference (Resolution XXIII-14), ICG/NEAMTWS should report to the Assembly or to the Executive Council on behalf of the Assembly. Professor Tinti reminded the Executive Council of the different activities being carried out in the context of the ICG/NEAMTWS, including its working group composition and its general structure. The Intergovernmental Coordination Group, at its 4th Session (Lisbon, Portugal, 21"23 November 2007), welcomed the initiative of the Working Group on Seismic and Geophysical Measurements, and that of Germany, to provide all available real-time seismic data as well as the SeisComp3 software to Regional Tsunami Watch Centres (RTWC); several countries were already testing this software. The EU Council of Ministers has recognized the ICG/NEAMTWSs leadership role in the development of the European Tsunami Warning System. There is, however, a need to improve the mutual access to existing seismic and sea-level stations, especially on the North African coast, but there is insufficient funding available to undertake all the required actions. The IOC/GLOSS sea-level station monitoring facility will be used as the initial visualization tool for real-time sea-level data. Comparing the seismic network and the sea-level network in the NEAM region, Professor Tinti stressed the fact that the latter is still far from meeting the requirements of a Tsunami Warning System. The establishment of an ad hoc Task Team on the RTWC architecture was one of the main outcomes of ICG/NEAMTWS-IV. At present there are several candidates to host an RTWC in the NEAM region, and the Task Team will be requested to scrutinize these proposals. Options for a regional Tsunami Information Centre should also be investigated. The 5th Session of the ICG/NEAMTWS-V will be held in Athens in November 2008. Tunisia welcomed the report on ICG/NEAMTWS-IV. Regarding the lack of access to data in certain regions, it suggested the organization of a meeting to raise awareness among the concerned countries. Germany expressed its appreciation of the work undertaken within the ICG/NEAMTWS and reaffirmed its willingness to continue supporting the system. France restated its commitment to the building of the NEAMTWS system. It emphasized the importance of creating of a Tsunami Warning Regional Centre based on innovative solutions. It underscored its view that the ongoing cooperation with the European Commission is of great importance and should be encouraged. Portugal expressed its satisfaction with having hosted the 4th Session of the ICG/NEAMTWS in Lisbon in November 2007. It looked forward a more rapid development and trusted that the Task Team would be helpful in this process, but believed that it should have a clearer agenda. Further efforts should be made to provide the reports in a timely manner and it was suggested that the Working Groups should meet independently of the ICG meetings. Portugal also stressed the importance of the collaboration with the European Commission. The Head of the Tsunami Unit of IOC fully agreed with the concern expressed by Member States regarding the need to improve the seismic and sea-level network, especially on the North African coast, and to enhance the availability and exchange of existing tide gauge data. He welcomed the suggestion to separate Working Group meetings from ICG meetings, to ensure more efficient and timely work. The Executive Council accepted the Decisions and Recommendations of the ICG/NEAMTWS arising from its 4th Session and encouraged the ICG to continue its effort to ensure a timely implementation of the NEAMTWS. 4.6.3 Follow-up of the Third Session of the IOC Intergovernmental Coordination Group for Tsunami and Other Coastal Hazards Warning System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions (ICG/CARIBEEWS) The newly elected Chairperson of the Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Tsunami and Other Coastal Hazards Warning System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions (ICG/CARIBEEWS), DrLornaInniss (Barbados), introduced this item. The Intergovernmental Coordination Group, at its 3rd Session (ICG/CARIBE EWS-III; Panama City, Panama, 1214 March 2008), accepted a proposal by its Working Group 1 on Monitoring and Detection Systems and Warning Guidance to establish a core network of seismic stations and a core network of sea level stations for tsunami-monitoring purposes. Data from the core network of seismic stations will be freely and openly available to the national, regional and tsunami warning centres for the timely production of tsunami and other early-warning information, taking into account the two main languages spoken in the region, especially for communication and warning dissemination. However, the ICG noted gaps in the sea-level network and agreed that contributions from Member States and other donors are required to cover these gaps. She thanked the Government of Norway for funding a pilot project on training in tsunami modelling. The ICG decided to produce a compilation of best practices on preparedness, readiness and resilience at the community level, for tsunami and other coastal hazards; to this end it will organize a meeting of experts planned for Panama in August 2008, with the support of IOC/UNESCO, USAID/OFDA and UN/ISDR. The ICG instructed its Working Group 1 to identify and present the technical, logistical and administrative requirements of a Regional Tsunami Warning Centre, taking into account the discussions at ICG/CARIBEEWS-III and the documentation provided for other Tsunami Warning Systems defining these operational requirements. It also requested the Executive Secretary to submit it to Member States for their comments, with a view to establishing a Caribbean Tsunami Warning Centre in the region at least by 2010. The ICG welcomed the kind offer of France to host its 4th Session, in March 2009, and decided to target March 2010 for the 5th Session, bearing in mind the interest expressed by Cuba in hosting that session. Several Member States highlighted the inter-sessional work done in the region. Bearing in mind the need for a reinforced tsunami monitoring network in the region, the United States commended the deployment of new seismic monitoring stations being implemented by the Seismic Research Unit (SRU) of the University of West Indies, the Puerto Rico Seismic Network (PRSN) and the United States Geological Service (USGS). The Dominican Republic referred to the importance of protocols and community-based response plans and reported that it had recently approved a Warning Information System (Sistema de Informacin de Alerta) under the Emergency Operations Center (Centro de Operaciones de Emergencia COE) that will deliver tsunami and hurricane warnings at community level. France confirmed its offer to host ICG/CARIBE EWS-IV in March 2009 in Martinique, France. DrInniss highlighted the active involvement of countries with the ICG/CARIBE EWS in the region particularly that of small islands. She stated that the ICG/CARIBE EWS is eager to learn from other ICGs and hopes to have closer collaboration among them, for example on lessons learnt after events. The Executive Council accepted the Report of the ICG/CARIBEEWS-III, thanked the Chairperson of ICG/CARIBEEWS for her presentation and congratulated her for the leadership provided. Follow-up of the twenty-second Session of the IOC Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Tsunami Early Warning System in the Pacific (ICG/PTWS) The Vice-Chairman of the Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Pacific Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (ICG/PTWS), MrGiorgio de la Torre (Ecuador), introduced this item. The Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Pacific Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (ICG/PTWS), at its 22nd Session (Guayaquil, Ecuador, 1721 September 2007), reviewed progress in the intersessional period in the areas of: seismological and sea level monitoring and evaluation; hazard identification; emergency management and resilience; interoperability of warning systems; and sub-regionally in the southwest Pacific and on the Pacific coast of Central America. It reaffirmed its view that each Member State has the responsibility to issue warnings within its respective territories and to accept a commitment to open, free and unrestricted sharing of real-time observational data relevant to tsunami warning as a fundamental condition for a successful system. It made recommendations on: development of the final PTWS Medium-Term Strategy, the PTWS Implementation Plan for 20082009, the PTWS Activities Funding Strategy and the ITIC Work Plan; finalization of a PTWS Operational Users Guide continued interim coverage of the South China Sea region by Japans Northwest Pacific Tsunami Advisory Centre and the USAs Pacific Tsunami Warning Center the establishment or continuation of eight Working Groups: on (a) sea-level measurements, data collection and exchange; (b) interoperability of regional, sub-regional and national tsunami warning and mitigation systems in the Pacific, (ce) sub-regional working groups for tsunami warning and mitigation development (Central American Pacific coast, southeast and southwest Pacific); (f) Pacific Emergency Communications; (g) rapid near-field recognition of tsunamigenic earthquakes and associated tsunamis; and (h) Exercise Pacific Wave08 improved strategic planning and budgeting rapid near-field recognition of tsunamigenic earthquakes and associated tsunamis implementation of Exercise Pacific Wave'08. The ICG also decided to urgently: promote the establishment and maintenance of tsunami warning centres in the region; improve the capabilities of the seismic and sea-level monitoring networks; provide standard operational system-description documents; and increase support to Member States that have not yet sufficient capacity to develop tsunami warning and mitigation systems. The ICG decided to improve: sea-level measurements, data collection and exchange; interoperability of regional, subregional and national tsunami warning and mitigation systems in the Pacific, and Pacific emergency communications. The ICG recommended that the IOC Working Group on Tsunamis and Other Hazards Related to Sea-Level Warning and Mitigation Systems (TOWS-WG) organize a sea-level design and implementation workshop in 2008, involving similar working groups from the other ICGs. It also requested the IOC to convene a scientifictechnical conference in 2008 to review the state of the art of detecting near-field earthquakes and possible tsunamis. The ICG also endorsed the recommendations of the 6th International Workshop on Tsunami Mitigation: New Insights in Tsunami Research, Preparedness, Warning and Mitigation (Guayaquil, Ecuador, 14 September 2007), co-organized by the IOC and the ICG/PTWS, the IUGG Tsunami Commission, and the host institution, INOCAR (Ecuador). The ICG decided to organize its 23rd Session, in 2009, and accepted the offer of Samoa to host it. The ICG also accepted the offer of Japan to host the 24th Session in 2011. The ICG recommended that the Executive Council, at its 41st Session, formally authorize the interim tsunami advisory service provided for the South China Sea. Vice-Chairman de la Torre also reported on the newly established SE Pacific PTWS subregional Group and the Groups planned activities (point iv.e above). Chile confirmed its continued support to the system, especially by strengthening the instrumentation network and thus contributing to the SE Pacific PTWS subregional Group and the PTWS itself. Colombia, given its geographical situation, confirmed its active participation and contribution to the PTWS and to the CARIBE-EWS. France stressed its continued commitment to the PTWS by, for example, significantly contributing to the instrumentation networks and the production of capacity-building material. Australia recalled that the PTWS is the oldest and most experienced system, but stressed that there is still a need for improvement. Australia also reported on its support to and active involvement in the Pacific Wave Exercise08. It deplored the fact that the report of ICG/PTWS-XXII has not been published yet. Japan thanked Ecuador for having hosted the 22nd Session of the ICG/PTWS. Japan also pointed out the important roles of the PTWC and JMA in the PTWS and explicitly requested approval from the Executive Council for PTWS to provide tsunami warnings to the South China Sea, as outlined at ICG/PTWS-XXII. The United States of America endorsed the PTWS oral report and applauded the progress made. The United States is also happy to provide an Interim Advisory Service in the area of the South China Sea, in partnership with the JMA, at the invitation of the Executive Council. The United States expresses its concern over the unwieldy number of PTWS Working Groups and called on the ICG/PTWS to seek a more manageable structure based on the TOWS recommendations. The Russian Federation supported the recommendations of the ICG/PTWS Working Groups and stressed the importance of creating subregional groups. Based on the experience with the recent earthquakes in 2006 and 2007 near the Kuril Islands, the Russian Federation has developed a plan to strengthen the instrumentation networks in the northeast Pacific, including evacuation routes. It also stressed the importance of cutting-edge science in improving operational warning systems. China fully supported the Recommendations of the 22nd Session of the ICG/PTWS and especially the planned coverage of the South China Sea by JMA and PTWC. It thanked Japan and the United States for providing their service. Recalling the devastating cyclone which hit Myanmar early this year, China has put an increased effort into its preparedness and capacity-building programme. China stressed the role of WESTPAC in capacity-building in that context. China thanked several other countries for their support in building that capacity, but also reported the Chinese support to several countries in the ASEAN region for their instrumentation networks. Indonesia, recalling its tsunami-prone geographical situation, facing two oceans, stressed its continuing active role in both IOTWS and PTWS. The Representative of the IHO stressed the importance of bathymetry for hazard assessment and modelling and raised IHOs concern that not all ICG reports stress the issue. The Head of the Tsunami Unit, Mr Peter Koltermann, stressed the important role of ITIC in the work of the PTWS, but also in assisting other regions and Tsunami Information Centres in capacity-building and outreach. The Executive Council thanked the Vice-Chairman of the ICG/PTWS for his presentation. It stressed the view that an end-to-end warning system will only work with active participation by Member States. Follow-up of the First Meeting of the Working Group on Tsunamis and Other Hazards related to Sea Level Warning and Mitigation Systems (TOWS-WG) The Co-Chairman of the Working Group on Tsunamis and Other Hazards Related to Sea-Level Warning and Mitigation Systems (TOWS-WG), Dr Neville Smith (IOC Vice-Chairman), introduced this item. He reported the conclusions of the First Meeting of the Working Group (Paris, 34 April 2008). The TOWS-WG reviewed the GOHWMS Draft Framework Document (IOC-XXIV/2 Annex 10) on a global tsunami and other ocean-related hazards early warning system, and approved a final version (IOC/TOWS-WG-I/3, Annex IV) to be submitted to the Executive Council. The TOWS-WG noted some potential inefficiency in the governance and mode of operation of the ICGs responsible for the development of tsunami warning systems; it considered that there should be a number of standing items on each ICG agenda. The TOWS-WG came to the following principal conclusions: It should be charged with streamlining and rationalizing the input from the ICGs to the Governing Bodies, so as to harmonize the work of the Commission and introduce consistency; however, the ICGs should be invited to introduce items, as appropriate, and would remain accountable and responsible for work programmes and associated reports. There is a general concern that the creation of Working Groups under each ICG, all dealing with similar matters and often calling on the same capability for advice and input, is not fully efficient; moreover, where Working Groups are working in similar areas, such as standards, the terms of reference are often sufficiently different as to lead to different outputs and outcomes, making the task of harmonization and integration more difficult. It may be timely to consolidate and transition (or share) work with other Subsidiary Bodies of IOC in a number of areas (science, observation and services). A global core network of sea-level tide gauges for tsunami and ocean hazard purposes should be defined by JCOMM/GLOSS in close coordination with the owner ICGs, building on the GLOSS core network for climate, wherever possible. The tsunamimeter Partnership should transition to an Action Group under the JCOMM/DBCP, to exploit synergies and to encourage a global role. The IOC should give additional attention to the issue of high-resolution bathymetric data. The Working Group committed itself to undertaking intersessional work in a number of areas, including: (i) exchange of seismic data; (ii) adoption of standards and guidelines; (iii) outstanding telecommunication issues; (iv) testing the feasibility of ICSU involvement in coastal-hazard studies; and (v) assisting the relevant subsidiary bodies to act as one in interactions with IOC's partners, including ISDR and WMO. The United Kingdom acknowledged the strong efforts of the Working Group, but indicated that there seems to be a strong potential for duplication of the work of other groups in this field, especially for hazard assessment and the IOCs Integrated Coastal Area Management programme (ICAM). The United States of America endorsed the Recommendations made by the Working Group; it highlighted the need for: (i) standards for sea-level and seismic networks, (ii) harmonize operations among ICGs; and (iii) facilitating information exchange to improve interoperability. The United States stressed that it is working with other Member States to prepare a Resolution covering the Working Groups Recommendations. India supported the findings and the Recommendations of the TOWS-WG, but pointed out that the Working Group should look more intensively into mainstreaming coastal inundation modelling. Australia welcomed the need for increased coordination and fully supported the Working Groups Recommendations; it stressed a stronger co-ordinating role for JCOMM and IOC/GLOSS. The Russian Federation stressed the need to focus more on standardizing hazard risk assessment and data exchange formats. Data exchange and coordination with other bodies are key assets for the successful establishment of tsunami and other coastal hazards warning systems. Portugal urged Member States and ICGs to harmonize the work of the various groups, as appropriate, to optimize the operationality of warning systems. Responding to the Australian intervention, it pointed out that JCOMM is a just a coordinating body cosponsored by IOC and WMO and therefore has no autonomous or independent function in this process, as both UN agencies are already represented. Japan stressed the regional differences among ICGs around the globe and pointed out that cultural and historical differences should not be overlooked during the proposed harmonization. Canada offered its assistance in improving the unified tsunami website. The Representative of the ISDR reported on the Hyogo Framework of Action and IOCs role within the process. The 2004 Sumatra earthquake and subsequent devastating tsunami triggered the UN Flash Appeal in which IOC has been a key partner, by strengthening Member States capacity to provide instrumentation networks and capacity-building. ISDR will continue to support IOC and its regional ICGs for tsunami warning systems in their efforts to establish effective end-to-end tsunami and other ocean hazards warning systems. 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