ࡱ> ~#` :bjbj\.\. kZ>D>D1$VVVP<<. f;*(R.[. :::::::$>h@| ;*[[** ; ;///*:/*://V7@e8 0˓V-)8 I:6;0f;580@.@e8@e8<!/$lW'\ ; ;]/Xf;****. . . D. . .   Restricted distribution IOC-WMO-UNEP-ICSU/GSSC-XI/25 Agenda Item: All Paris, 8 April 2008 English only INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION (of UNESCO)WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATIONUNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMMEINTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE Eleventh Session of the Global Ocean Observing System Scientific Steering Committee (GSSC-XI) 8-10 April 2008 Room XIV UNESCO BONVIN Paris, France ChloroGIN GOOS-GEO Pilot Study Report to GSSC XI March 2008 Background The idea of a GOOS pilot study for biological variables was developed at the GSC-VIII meeting in Melbourne in 2005. There it was decided that chlorophyll would be a good candidate study as it is sensed by satellite globally and has many applications for coastal ecosystems and global climate studies. A preparatory meeting was held in Hyderabad, India alongside a POGO meeting in January 2006 and a planning workshop jointly sponsored by GOOS, GEO, POGO and the Plymouth Marine Laboratory was held in Plymouth, UK on 18-22 September 2006. Here the name ChloroGIN (Chlorophyll Globally Integrated Network) was conceived. There were three components to the Plymouth workshop: a) a plenary planning meeting; b) a satellite remote sensing technical workshop; and c) a technical and calibration workshop on in situ observations. There were 44 participants representing Latin America, southern and east Africa, India, China, Thailand, the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, and the sponsors: Plymouth Marine Laboratory, GOOS, GEO and POGO. From a GEO perspective, ChloroGin is viewed as an extension of the South American Antares Network. The technical reports of the Plymouth workshop (GSSC10_5_1_ChloroGIN_Interim_repport.pdf and also http://www.antares.ws/publications). lay out protocols for both remote sensing and for in situ calibration and validation of remote sensing ChloroGIN products, respectively, and for communicating these via websites. Since then there have also been short reports to GEO, POGO and the IOCCG. Concept Ocean Colour, remotely sensed by satellite, provides a means of getting regular (sometimes daily) estimates of chlorophyll a and phytoplankton biomass at very low cost. These can revolutionise our ability to detect and forecast harmful algal blooms (red tides) and can aid in fishing operations, fisheries management, and coastal zone management, inter alia. The time series generated by years of such observations have already led to explanations of haddock and shrimp recruitment fluctuations in the Northwest Atlantic. Thus there is great potential for other archives of satellite images of ocean colour to provide similar benefits elsewhere. Stewardship of the oceans relies on an ecosystem-based approach to management, and opportunities are emerging for observing the ocean ecosystem at unprecedented scale at the global level, using satellite data. It is therefore proposed that a few regions (such as the ones suggested below) form parts of a GOOS pilot study to make operational ocean colour observations on a regular basis in support of local and regional needs. Each region would need to have its own operation funded, and the relevant GOOS Regional Alliances can help sequire the funding. AIMS of ChloroGIN The aim is to provide to a web server, regular ocean chlorophyll a images, (along with derived products and information whenever possible) and associated products such as sea surface temperature and other variables (daily, weekly or bi-weekly, depending upon each regions needs and conditions). The added value of ChloroGIN is that by combining satellite data with in situ observations allows extension of applications to domains inaccessible by either method alone. The need is to establish a network of observations that rely on existing technology and well-established methods for making the measurements. It should be simple and fast, to allow routine measurements over long-time scales and it should not exclude countries from participating because of high technological requirements or high operational costs; thus the pilot study should start in a few regions where there is some existing expertise. Thus the initial regions decided upon were Latin America (ANTARES), Southern Africa (Benguela Large Marine Ecosystem Programme, expanding to other parts of Africa), and India (INCOIS, expanding to South East Asia and China), linked by good communications to the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, the European Joint Research Centre in Italy, Canada and USA. The possibility of extending the network to the far east through NOWPAP (Northwest Pacific Area Programme) is also being explored. During the first five-year phase, map products would be regularly updated on a web site at each centre, while the infrastructure is improved and personnel trained at new centres. Progress since GSSC X in 2007 In the Indian Ocean region an automatic data processing chain has been setup at Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) to process MODIS Aqua data to produce products: Chl-a, SST, K(490) and total suspended matter (TSM) over the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Daily images, weekly and monthly composites for the 4 products are disseminated through INCOIS website in PNG/HDF. Eight Time-series stations are planned in coastal waters: Goa, Mangalore, Kochi, Pondicherry Coast, Parangipettai Coast, Nagapattinam Coast, Vishakapatnam and Machlipatnam coast to make monthly measurements of chlorophyll, SST, TSM ideally as well as the bio-optical properties using profiling radiometers. A presentation on the ChloroGIN Project was made during the recent IO-GOOS Annual Meeting, in Phuket, Thailand on 30 Nov 3 Dec 2007 . IO-GOOS Members endorsed ChloroGIN and requested the IO-GOOS Secretariat/INCOIS to provide real-time Satellite Products for the coastal regions of the following countries: Tanzania, Iran, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Oman, Thailand. INCOIS is in the process of providing MODIS data products for the above regions. In Southern Africa a webserver is being maintained with weekly updates by the Marine Remote Sensing Unit (MRSU) at the University of Cape Town and CSIR, South Africa. To overcome the main problem of restricted communication bandwidth experienced throughout most of Africa, a satellite communications dish has been installed at the MRSU to form part of DEVCOCast. This is now fully functional for receiving data from Plymouth and JRC, and will soon be capable of transmitting data to other centres in west and east Africa. In the ANTARES region, the website has been updated and 6 stations around Latin America are making regular in situ measurements. Outreach ChloroGIN was exhibited at the GEO Ministerial, Cape Town. The exhibit was funded by the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem Programme, POGO, CSIR and JRC. The exhibit consisted of two 3 x 2 m curved posters; two large plasma screens demonstrating various ChloroGIN web-sites and the IOCCG Ocean Colour film (courtesy Roland Doerffer). The exhibit was manned by Cape Town Marine Remote Sensing Unit and generated a great deal of interest from attendees ranging from school children to ministerial delegates and did much to raise the profile of ChloroGIN. Capacity Building This is built in to most ChloroGIN activities, but of particular interest is the successful ocean colour remote sensing course held in Mombassa, Kenya from 24 Sept. 5 October 2007. Many of the instructors were from Africa. The objectives of the course were to provide a theoretical basis of satellite Ocean Colour measurements and to promote applications of OC radiometry in Africa for monitoring and managing coastal zones and for protecting marine ecosystems and resources. The course was funded as an EC-JRC contribution to FP7 policy theme 4: The EU as a Global Partner Environmental Dimensions of Development co-operation. Funding initiatives ChloroGIN has been selected as one of the demonstration projects in DevCoCast, a proposal to the European Commission under negotiation, hopefully starting in March 2008. DevCoCast will utilise the GEONETCast concept to provide processed satellite on chlorophyll-a, ocean colour and SST from MODIS, AVHRR and MERIS (+ SeaWiFS?). GEONETCast is a GEO sponsored concept to distribute global environmental data to and from developing countries at low cost (or no cost) using satellite based Digital Video Broadcast technology. Regional data providers (PML, JRC, MA-RE, DMI) supply data and information to countries in Africa (Namibia, Tanzania, Ghana and Senegal) and South America (Brazil) and Asia (China). As DevCoCast develops it is hoped that additional partners will join the team. It also expected that additional products will be provided. ( HYPERLINK "http://www.earthobservations.org/geonetcast.shtml" http://www.earthobservations.org/geonetcast.shtml). This will greatly aid GOOS-Africa. Other developments: IBSA-Ocean (the scientific and technical inter-government alliance for marine and atmospheric science among India, Brazil and South Africa). The IBSA-OCEAN Alliance stresses the importance of India, Brazil and South Africa to global ocean research through their involvement in the South Atlantic, Indian and Southern oceans, and the benefits of regional engagement so as to realise the societal benefits that can flow from cooperation between peers among the emerging economies of the world. The First Workshop of the IBSA-OCEAN Alliance, held in Cape Town in March 2008, brought together some 20 leading scientific representatives from the three IBSA countries. The main purpose was to formulate a strategic initiative for cooperative ocean research between India, Brazil and South Africa. Its three major drivers are: Regional Consequences of Climate Change; Regional Ocean Observation Systems (Regional GOOS and Ocean GEOSS); and Dissemination Networks. All IBSA countries have considerable expertise in ocean colour that can be capitalised on for the application of the new Indian OCM-II and other ocean colour satellite sensors. IBSA-OCEAN endorsed ChloroGIN as a pilot study with all three IBSA countries as major players in the project. ChloroGIN, with its IBSA participants, requires a dissemination system with high-end communication network facilities, involving satellite transmission and product transfer between ground receiving stations and distributed centres in surrounding countries. It forms a major part of the European Union funded programme, DevCoCast. This constitutes a GEONetCast test vehicle for technological exchange, capacity building and dissemination system development, which will further enhance capabilities in the IBSA countries. SAFARI (Societal Applications in Fisheries & Aquaculture using Remotely-sensed Imagery) is a new international programme on the use of remotely sensed data as an aid to fisheries harvesting, research and fisheries management. It is affiliated to GEO and funded by the Canadian Space Agency for three years. The first planning workshop was held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, in late March 2008. A monograph is being produced in early 2009 and an international symposium will be held in late 2009 or early 2010. It has strong links and potential synergy with ChloroGIN. Recommendations: There have been requests to link ChloroGIN to: Global Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms - GEOHAB (IOC) Panel for Integrated Coastal Observations - PICO (GOOS) Coastal Zone Community of Practice - CZCOP (GEO) Societal Applications in Fisheries & Aquaculture using Remotely-sensed Imagery SAFARI (GEO) ChloroGIN needs to establish links with more GRAs (at present the main links are with IO-GOOS, GOOS-Africa and OCEATLAN) and be linked to GRA websites. Organization: Two meetings have been held in 2008, both conjunction with other organizations. Arising from these, a Steering Committee has been formed with a representative from each participating region. Request ChloroGIN requests joint support from GOOS and GEO for a second workshop in late 2008 or early 2009. The aims of this workshop are: To coordinate activities with new regions, Far East, South East Asia, Australasia and to expand ChloroGIN to West Africa To update protocols for in situ measurements needed to complement satellite ocean colour observations To standardize web portals amongst the regions and agree on technical specifications. To develop a web GIS portal for ChloroGIN About 40 participants are expected at a total cost of some Eu. 85,000. ChloroGIN Websites http://www.chlorogin.org http://www.ocean-partners.org/meetings/ChlPML.htm HYPERLINK "http://home.antares.ws/index.html"http://home.antares.ws/index.html http://www.rsmarinesa.org.za/ http://amis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/     GSC-III/1 prov. 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"2 @+ METEOROLOGICAL +$ $#$!! 2 k + ORGANIZATION$!$!!!$! 2 + "2 R( UNITED NATIONS !!! ! $! 2 i ( ENVIRONMENT !!!$!+! 2 | ( PROGRAMMEN!$$!!++ 2 (  2 J INTERNATIONAL !!!!$!! 2 l  COUNCIL FORA!$!!! $! 2  2  SCIENCE.!!! 2 u @Times New Roman- 2 4 @Times New Roman-2 i Eleventh! P2 iB. Session of the Global Ocean Observing System    '  ' ' ) 2 i= -@2  # Scientific Steering Committee (GSSC  $)) '$ 2 < - 2 M X$ 2 q I 2  )- 2  @Times New Roman- 2  8 2  -2    10 April 2008   2  2 , 2 D Room Xh $  2  I2  V  2 -  2 E UNESCO BONVIN $!!$ $!! 2  2 P  Paris, France  2 e @Times New Roman- 2 J - 2 R ChloroGIN GOOS$ '$ ''' 2  -"2  GEO Pilot Study'!'    2 ^ %2  Report to GSSC XI$  '$ $ 2  2 W  March 20080  2 X - 2 0 -2 j  Background" 2 j -2 P The idea of a GOOS pilot study for biological variables was developed at the GSC $$$       $ $! 2 y -#2  VIII meeting in $% 2 W Melbourne in 2005. There it was decided that chlorophyll would be a good candidate stu,    $   $  2   dy as it is    2 a sensed by satellite globally and has many applications for coastal ecosystems and global climate    &   &  & 2 O studies.  2 O  2  2 \ A preparatory meeting was held in Hyderabad, India alongside a POGO meeting in January 2006 #& %  %    $$$&  O2 - and a planning workshop jointly sponsored by   $   2   GOOS, GEO$$$ $$2  , POGO $$$12  and the Plymouth Marine  %,  F2 5' Laboratory was held in Plymouth, UK on $   % $#2 5 18 2 5 -2 5 22 G2 5( September 2006. Here the name ChloroGIN & $%" $$ (2 o (Chlorophyll Global!  %  2 o lyA2 o$ Integrated Network) was conceived. $#$  @2 o# There were three components to the $% /2  Plymouth workshop: a) a  %$ "2 5 plenary plannin   X2 |3 g meeting; b) a satellite remote sensing technical '   %   2 ] workshop; and c) a technical and calibration workshop on in situ observations. There were 44 $     %    $ 2 e participants representing Latin America, southern and east Africa, India, China, Thailand, the Joint     $&  $    !      2 U  Research Cen!!2 UO ntre of the European Commission, and the sponsors: Plymouth Marine Laboratory, !&'    %,  2 Y GOOS, GEO and POGO. From a GEO perspective, ChloroGin is viewed as an extension of the $$$ $$$$$ %$$  " $   $ t2 F South American Antares Network. The technical reports of the Plymouth .$& /$.$# ..  .... %.2   workshop C$ 2   (GSSC10_5C$!J2 * _1_ChloroGIN_Interim_repport.pdf and also ! $$ &  A2 $ http://www.antares.ws/publications).$$#  $   2 o 2  lay 2 ;d out protocols for both remote sensing and for in situ calibration and validation of remote sensing  %       % y2 tI ChloroGIN products, respectively, and for communicating these via website! $$   &%   $ 12 t s. Since then there have   X2 3 also been short reports to GEO, POGO and the IOCCG.      $# $$#   #!!$ 2 I - 2  2 "  Concept.$ 2 "  -2 Z b Ocean Colour, remotely sensed by satellite, provides a means of getting regular (sometimes daily) $!  %    %  % &  -12  estimates of chlorophyll  &  - 2  a-P2 . and phytoplankton biomass at very low cost. T  & $ 42  hese can revolutionise our     2 c ability to detect and forecast harmful algal blooms (red tides) and can aid in fishing operations,  &    &       -X2  3 fisheries management, and coastal zone management,   %&  &' -2  3  inter alia-C2  % . The time series generated by years   & ;2 @  of such observations have alread   !  _2 @ 8 y led to explanations of haddock and shrimp recruitment !      !   &  % 2 y g fluctuations in the Northwest Atlantic. 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